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Mixed martial arts

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Mixed martial arts, or MMA, is a full-contact combat sport.

Osaka Fight Gear Pro MMA Gloves
Osaka Fight Gear Pro MMA Gloves

It combines various techniques from many different combat sports. These techniques generally fall into two categories: striking and grappling. Striking involves using hands or feet to hit an opponent. Grappling involves using holds, throws, or ground control to win. This sport matters because it tests which fighting styles are most effective when combined. Today, it is a major global sport with a pay-per-view business that rivals professional boxing and wrestling.

To understand the mechanism of an MMA contest, one must look at how different styles interact. A fighter might use boxing to land a punch or Muay Thai to deliver a kick. If the fight moves to the ground, the mechanics change to grappling. A fighter might use a takedown to bring an opponent to the mat.

FN UCfight keto
FN UCfight keto

Once on the ground, they might use a submission, such as an armbar, to force a win.

Carnage at the Creek 6 - triangle armbar
Carnage at the Creek 6 - triangle armbar

Some fighters also use a rear naked choke to end a match.

Mma ground fighting
Mma ground fighting

The goal is to use these diverse tools to overcome the opponent's specific style.

There are many distinct types of combat traditions that have influenced MMA. Catch wrestling is a style that emerged in the late 19th century. It combined several global styles, including English wrestling and Indian pehlwani. Another important style is Brazilian jiu-jitsu, which was developed in Brazil starting in the 1920s. In Russia, the sport of Sambo was developed in the early 1920s. Sambo merged various forms of combat, such as judo and striking, into one system. In Hawaii, masters created kajukenbo, which was the first American mixed martial arts. This style combined kenpo, jujitsu, boxing, and tang soo do.

History shows that mixed combat has existed for thousands of years. In ancient Greece, a sport called pankration featured striking and grappling.

Greek Pankratists 2
Greek Pankratists 2

It first appeared in the 33rd Olympiad in 648 BC. The only rules in pankration were that fighters could not bite or gouge.

In ancient China, a similar sport called Leitai combined boxing, wrestling, and martial arts.

Leitai
Leitai

These ancient traditions prove that humans have always been interested in testing different fighting methods against one another.

Modern MMA grew from several specific historical precursors. In Brazil, a phenomenon called vale tudo featured unrestricted fights between styles like judo and capoeira.

Jiu-jitsu contra capoeira (detail)
Jiu-jitsu contra capoeira (detail)

A famous match occurred in 1951 between Kimura and Gracie. In the 1990s, the Gracie family brought jiu-jitsu to the United States. This led to the founding of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 1993. Art Davie and Rorion Gracie helped found the UFC to replicate mixed contests. Initially, these events had very few rules to find the most effective combat styles.

Other important figures helped shape the sport's development. In Hong Kong, rooftop street fights between rival martial arts schools occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. The famous Bruce Lee emerged from this scene.

Bruce Lee 1973
Bruce Lee 1973

He created Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts style. In Japan, a 1976 exhibition match between Muhammad Ali and Antonio Inoki inspired new organizations. This led to the founding of Shooto in 1985 and Pancrase in 1993. These events helped move the sport from street-style fighting toward organized competition.

As the sport grew, it underwent significant changes to become mainstream. Early promoters faced pressure to adopt more rules to increase competitor safety. These changes helped the sport comply with official regulations. For example, some leagues eliminated the practice of kicking a grounded opponent. These rules allowed the sport to gain broader acceptance by the public. Today, the sport is highly organized and professional. It connects various global traditions into a single, complex athletic system that continues to evolve.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Leitai.jpg
Leitai.jpg
File:Xwres8.jpg
Xwres8.jpg
File:Greek Pankratists 2.jpg
Greek Pankratists 2.jpg
File:Bruce Lee 1973.jpg
Bruce Lee 1973.jpg
File:Jiu-jitsu_contra_capoeira_(detail).jpg
Jiu-jitsu_contra_capoeira_(detail).jpg
File:Kimura_kesa.jpg
Kimura_kesa.jpg
File:Yukinakai-gordeau.jpg
Yukinakai-gordeau.jpg
File:Pentagon Combat 2.png
Pentagon Combat 2.png
File:Osaka Fight Gear Pro MMA Gloves.jpg
Osaka Fight Gear Pro MMA Gloves.jpg
File:UFC 74 Respect Bout(cropped).jpg
UFC 74 Respect Bout(cropped).jpg
File:Mma ground fighting.jpg
Mma ground fighting.jpg
File:FN UCfight keto.jpg
FN UCfight keto.jpg

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