Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Mixcoatl

philosophy religion Maturity 5-7 war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Mixcoatl was a central deity in several Mesoamerican cultures. His name comes from the words *mixtli*, meaning "cloud," and *cōātl*, meaning "serpent." This name translates to "cloud serpent." He was widely recognized as a god of the hunt and war. Many people also identified him with the stars, the heavens, and the Milky Way. He served as a patron deity for the Otomi and the Chichimecs. In the regions of Huejotzingo and Tlaxcala, he was worshipped under the name Camaxtli or Camaxtle.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes

In ancient art, Mixcoatl had a very distinct appearance. He was most often depicted wearing a black mask. His body was painted with distinctive red and white pin stripes. These features made him look similar to Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the Lord of the Dawn. However, Mixcoatl could be identified by his specific hunting gear. He carried a bow and arrows. He also carried a net or a basket to hold dead game.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes

Mixcoatl's origins involve complex relationships with other powerful gods. He was one of four children born to Tonacatecutli and Cihuacoatl. Tonacatecutli was an aged creator god known as the "Lord of Sustenance." Cihuacoatl was a fertility goddess and the patroness of midwives. Some traditions linked Mixcoatl to the god Tezcatlipoca, the "Smoking Mirror." In one myth, Tezcatlipoca transformed into Mixcoatl to bring fire to humanity. He achieved this by revolving the heavens around their axes. Mixcoatl was also credited as the first to strike fire using flint.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes

His family connections are vast and include many other deities. Mixcoatl was the father of 400 sons known as the Centzon Huitznahua. These sons were involved in a conflict with their sister, Coyolxauhqui, and their mother, Coatlicue. He was also related to 400 other gods called the Centzon Mimixcoa. In some accounts, Mixcoatl slew these gods along with his three brothers and his sister. Furthermore, he was thought to be the father of the famous feathered serpent deity, Quetzalcoatl. One manuscript from 1558 notes that Mixcoatl was murdered by three individuals named Apanecatl, Zolton, and Cuilton.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes

Different myths explain how Mixcoatl relates to the creation of the world. One story says that after water destroyed the earth, the heavens fell. To fix this, the gods opened four subterranean paths to lift the heavens. As a reward, Tonacatecutli and Tonacacihuatl made their children lords of the stars. The Milky Way marked the path traveled by Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl. This nebula was sometimes called Iztac-Mixcoatl, or "white cloud snake." Another myth describes Camaxtle ascending to the Eighth Heaven. There, he struck a cane on a rock to create 400 Chichimecs Mimixcoa.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes

Religious life included specific times to honor Mixcoatl. The 14th month of the Aztec calendar, called Quecholli, was dedicated to him. This month usually fell around November 19th on the Julian calendar. During Quecholli, people engaged in hunting and feasting in the countryside. Hunters would dress in clothing that mimicked Mixcoatl's appearance. They would also kindle new fires to roast the game they caught. These rituals were part of a larger system of honoring the god's power over the hunt.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes

Today, the name Mixcoatl survives through modern scientific naming. Scientists use the name Camaxtli Patera for a shallow crater on the moon Io. The name is also used for several animals found in Mexico. These include the lungless salamander *Pseudoeurycea mixcoatl*. Two types of vipers also carry the name: *Mixcoatlus barbouri* and *Mixcoatlus browni*. These names connect the ancient deity to the natural world and the cosmos.

MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes
579 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (1)
File:MixcoacMetroBellasArtes.JPG
MixcoacMetroBellasArtes.JPG
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.