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Minnesota

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Minnesota is a state located in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States.

National-atlas-minnesota
National-atlas-minnesota

It is the 12th-largest state by area and the 22nd-most populous. The state is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east. To the east, it shares a border with Wisconsin and a water boundary with Michigan. The southern border is shared with Iowa, while North Dakota and South Dakota lie to the west. Minnesota is widely known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes."

Pose lake Minnesota
Pose lake Minnesota

In reality, the state contains 14,420 bodies of fresh water that cover at least ten acres each. The landscape is a mix of environments, with roughly one third of the state being forested. Much of the remaining land consists of prairie and farmland.

The population of Minnesota is approximately 5.8 million residents. A significant majority of these people, about 60% or 3.71 million, live in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

Minnesota 2020 Population Density
Minnesota 2020 Population Density

This region is commonly called the "Twin Cities." It serves as the state's primary political, economic, and cultural hub. It is also the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Other important urban centers include Duluth, Mankato, Moorhead, Rochester, and St. Cloud.

Minnesota municipalities
Minnesota municipalities

These cities support the state's diverse economy and social structures.

The name "Minnesota" has deep roots in the Dakota language. It is derived from the name of the Minnesota River. The name likely comes from one of two Dakota words: one meaning "clear blue water" and another meaning "cloudy water."

Minnesota state coat of arms (illustrated, 1876)
Minnesota state coat of arms (illustrated, 1876)

Many local place names reflect this heritage. For example, Minnehaha Falls means "curling water," and Minnetonka means "big water." The state seal also features a phrase in Dakota. This phrase means "the land where the water reflects the skies." Native Americans have inhabited this region since the Woodland period, which began in the 11th century BCE.

European contact began in the 17th century with French explorers and missionaries. These travelers encountered the Dakota, Ojibwe, and various Anishinaabe tribes. Much of the land was originally part of the French holding of Louisiana. The United States purchased this territory in 1803. After several territorial reorganizations, the Minnesota Territory was officially formed in 1849.

Minnesota Territory 1849
Minnesota Territory 1849

Eventually, Minnesota was admitted to the Union as the 32nd state on May 11, 1858. The state's official motto, "The Star of the North," is written in French. This motto reflects both its early French history and its position as the northernmost state in the contiguous United States.

Early economic growth was driven by timber, agriculture, and railroad construction.

Pillsbury Hall
Pillsbury Hall

Large sawmills were built along rivers to process vast amounts of wood. At Saint Anthony Falls, soldiers built mills that eventually powered large flour mills in Minneapolis. These mills produced a special "patent" flour that sold for much higher prices than standard flour. Companies like Pillsbury and the Washburn-Crosby Company, which became General Mills, were major players. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the state also saw rapid industrialization. This period brought significant social changes, including movements for labor rights and women's suffrage.

History in the region was often marked by conflict and displacement. In the 19th century, treaties between the U.S. government and Native American tribes led to many being moved onto reservations. This tension resulted in the Dakota War of 1862.

Dakota War of 1862-stereo-right
Dakota War of 1862-stereo-right

The six-week conflict caused hundreds of deaths and led to the exile of many Dakota people. Following the war, the government implemented policies that further dislocated tribes from their homelands. These difficult events significantly altered the demographic and political landscape of the state for generations.

Today, Minnesota has a highly diversified economy. It has moved away from resource extraction toward services, finance, and health care.

MayoMedicalCentersign2006-05-14
MayoMedicalCentersign2006-05-14

The state is known for high standards in education and healthcare. It also maintains high levels of income per capita and life expectancy. While the state was historically influenced by Scandinavian and German immigrants, it is becoming increasingly multicultural.

Ethnicity and Race in Minnesota (2020)
Ethnicity and Race in Minnesota (2020)

Minnesota now has the nation's largest population of Somali Americans and the second-largest Hmong community. This diversity continues to shape the state's modern identity.

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🖼️ Images & Media (29)
File:Minnesota Territory 1849.svg
Minnesota Territory 1849.svg
File:Dakota War of 1862-stereo-right.jpg
Dakota War of 1862-stereo-right.jpg
File:Phelpsmill ottertailcounty.jpg
Phelpsmill ottertailcounty.jpg
File:National-atlas-minnesota.svg
National-atlas-minnesota.svg
File:StLouisRiver JayCooke.JPG
StLouisRiver JayCooke.JPG
File:Palisade, Shovel Point (cropped).jpg
Palisade, Shovel Point (cropped).jpg
File:Minnesota Köppen.svg
Minnesota Köppen.svg
File:Pose lake Minnesota.jpg
Pose lake Minnesota.jpg
File:OwatonnaBank.JPG
OwatonnaBank.JPG
File:Minnesota municipalities.svg
Minnesota municipalities.svg
File:Minnesota 2020 Population Density.png
Minnesota 2020 Population Density.png
File:Ethnicity and Race in Minnesota (2020).jpg
Ethnicity and Race in Minnesota (2020).jpg

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