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Miniature wargame

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A miniature wargame is a tabletop game played with small physical models.

AJ miniature wargame
AJ miniature wargame

These models represent military units such as soldiers, vehicles, and artillery. Unlike computer wargames that use virtual models, or games that use abstract counters, miniature wargames use three-dimensional figurines. This physical presence provides immersion for the players. It allows them to see a visual representation of the battlefield. The primary purpose of these games is recreation rather than military operations. While they look realistic, they use abstract scaling to fit large battles into small table spaces.

Bolt Action match
Bolt Action match

Gameplay follows a specific mechanical sequence. Most miniature wargames are turn-based, meaning players take turns performing actions. A player moves their units across a model battlefield and declares attacks. To determine if an attack succeeds, players use arithmetic combined with dice rolls or playing cards. Measuring distance is a crucial part of the mechanics. For most infantry models, players measure distance from the edge of the model's base. However, for vehicles like tanks, measurements are often taken from the edge of the model itself. In some systems, the dimensions of the model even determine if a target is behind cover.

Spieloberflächen
Spieloberflächen

Players can choose between different scales of conflict. Skirmish-level games focus on individual warriors. In these games, a player controls each soldier one by one. Tactical-level games involve commanding larger groups of warriors. In tactical games, models are often mounted in groups on a single base. Miniature wargaming does not typically happen at the strategic or operational level. At those massive scales, the models would be too tiny to see or move. The game setting also dictates the types of units available. Historical games use units from specific eras, while fantasy games use fictional armaments.

Wings of War 2
Wings of War 2

Settings for these games vary widely. Historical wargames are based on real eras of warfare. The most popular historical settings are World War II, the Napoleonic Wars, and the American Civil War. A Napoleonic game requires models with muskets and cannons rather than automatic rifles. Fantasy wargames use fictional worlds with supernatural elements. For example, Warhammer Age of Sigmar is based on medieval warfare but includes dragons and wizards. The leading fantasy setting is Warhammer 40,000. These settings ensure that the units used match the theme of the battle.

HATG miniature wargame AW
HATG miniature wargame AW

Materials used to make models have changed over time. Historically, models were often cast from lead or tin. These metals could be poured into inexpensive rubber molds. Today, most models are made of polystyrene plastic or resin. Large companies prefer plastic because it is efficient for mass production. However, plastic requires expensive steel molds to manufacture. Many models are sold as parts attached to a frame called a sprue. Players must cut the parts out and glue them together. This assembly process is a major part of the hobby.

2mm napoleonic miniatures
2mm napoleonic miniatures

There is a distinction between generic and proprietary models. Historical wargames usually use generic models. Because the look of a historical soldier cannot be copyrighted, many companies can make Napoleonic infantry. This allows players to mix and match models from different manufacturers. In contrast, fantasy wargames often use proprietary models. These are fictional characters that are protected by copyright. For instance, Games Workshop owns the exclusive rights to Warhammer 40,000 characters. This means players must buy specific models from that company to play the game.

Games Day 2015, Budapest, 85
Games Day 2015, Budapest, 85

The hobby requires significant investment in time, skill, and money. Many players spend hours assembling and painting their miniatures. Painting makes the units easier to identify and more visually pleasing. While some companies sell pre-painted models, these are rare and often expensive. Because of these requirements, the hobby often attracts older enthusiasts. Miniature wargaming is also a very social activity. Players join clubs or attend large conventions to meet others. This community aspect is a central part of the experience.

Littlewars
Littlewars
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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:HATG miniature wargame AW.jpg
HATG miniature wargame AW.jpg
File:AJ miniature wargame.jpg
AJ miniature wargame.jpg
File:Bolt_Action_match.jpg
Bolt_Action_match.jpg
File:Spieloberflächen.jpg
Spieloberflächen.jpg
File:2mm napoleonic miniatures.jpg
2mm napoleonic miniatures.jpg
File:Chainmail 3rd edition.jpg
Chainmail 3rd edition.jpg
File:Wings of War 2.jpg
Wings of War 2.jpg
File:HG Wells playing to Little Wars.jpg
HG Wells playing to Little Wars.jpg
File:Games Day 2015, Budapest, 85.jpg
Games Day 2015, Budapest, 85.jpg
File:Littlewars.jpg
Littlewars.jpg
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