Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Wargame

arts Maturity 5-7 war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

A wargame is a strategy game that simulates an armed conflict. In these games, two or more players command opposing armed forces. They must react intelligently to each other's decisions.

CosimAmphibious
CosimAmphibious

To be considered a true wargame, the simulation must feel realistic. These games can model a single battle, a long campaign, or an entire war. Wargaming is used for recreation, military training, or to study potential conflicts. While some call field exercises "live wargames," many institutions distinguish them from true wargaming. For example, the US Naval War College defines wargaming as a simulation that does not involve actual military forces.

Every wargame requires a specific setting and a detailed scenario. The setting establishes the era of warfare, which determines the available weapons and tactics.

Bolt Action match
Bolt Action match

Historical settings depict real eras, such as World War II, which is a popular choice for hobbyists. Fantasy settings use fictional worlds, such as those in Warhammer Age of Sigmar, but they still follow credible combat rules. A scenario provides the specific details of the conflict. It includes the terrain layout, the composition of the forces, and the victory conditions. Designers sometimes adjust victory conditions to balance historical scenarios that might otherwise be unwinnable.

Wargames operate at three distinct levels of war. The tactical level focuses on a single battle. At this level, players manage small units like individual soldiers or small groups.

Julius Caesar Columbia Games
Julius Caesar Columbia Games

The time span for tactical games might only be minutes. The operational level involves a military campaign. Here, the basic unit of command is a large group of soldiers. Finally, the strategic level covers an entire war. Strategic players must manage resources like economics, research, and diplomacy.

MCWC-wargame-Lacey-13-cropped
MCWC-wargame-Lacey-13-cropped

These large-scale simulations can span months or years of simulated time.

The history of modern wargaming began in Prussia during the early 19th century. The Prussian military used these tools to train officers and develop military doctrine.

Kriegsspiel 1824
Kriegsspiel 1824

After Prussia defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War, other nations adopted these methods. For a long time, wargaming remained a niche hobby for enthusiasts. This changed in the 1990s with the development of consumer electronic wargames. Today, people can experience these complex simulations through various digital platforms.

There are major differences between professional and recreational wargames. Professional wargames are serious tools used by militaries for research and training. They focus heavily on modern eras and current events to prepare officers for actual warfare.

Recreational wargames are played for fun and can include sci-fi or fantasy themes. Recreational players often seek an enjoyable experience with a good interface and a reasonable learning curve. In contrast, military players often view wargaming as a necessary tool or a chore. Because of this, professional games may not prioritize ease of play.

Designing professional wargames presents unique and difficult challenges. Designers often work with classified data, such as the specific performance of weapons.

152nd Virtual Flag 141029-F-QU230-937
152nd Virtual Flag 141029-F-QU230-937

Because this information is secret, designers cannot easily verify if their models are accurate. This secrecy also makes it difficult to update games or fix errors once they are delivered. Furthermore, professional games have very small player bases compared to commercial games. This lack of a large audience makes it harder for designers to receive feedback. Consequently, errors in professional models can sometimes persist for a long time.

Professional design also faces pressure from complex organizational requirements. Unlike commercial designers who follow consumer trends, professional designers are often commissioned by the military.

Tactics (1954)
Tactics (1954)

A single game might be commissioned by several different user organizations. Each organization may want the game to work in its own specific way. This can lead to extreme complexity and compromises that satisfy no one. While commercial wargames focus on being user-friendly, professional wargames prioritize technical accuracy and specific military needs. This distinction shapes everything from the rules to the way the games are distributed.

632 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:CosimAmphibious.svg
CosimAmphibious.svg
File:MCWC-wargame-Lacey-13-cropped.png
MCWC-wargame-Lacey-13-cropped.png
File:Wargaming at CSW Expo 2009 (002).jpg
Wargaming at CSW Expo 2009 (002).jpg
File:Bolt Action match.jpg
Bolt Action match.jpg
File:Julius Caesar Columbia Games.jpg
Julius Caesar Columbia Games.jpg
File:Sm gettysburg 1997 screenshot.gif
Sm gettysburg 1997 screenshot.gif
File:NWC_wargame_1958.jpg
NWC_wargame_1958.jpg
File:152nd Virtual Flag 141029-F-QU230-937.jpg
152nd Virtual Flag 141029-F-QU230-937.jpg
File:Kriegsspiel 1824.jpg
Kriegsspiel 1824.jpg
File:HG Wells playing to Little Wars.jpg
HG Wells playing to Little Wars.jpg
File:Tactics (1954).jpg
Tactics (1954).jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.