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Microsoft

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Microsoft Corporation is a massive American multinational technology conglomerate.

Microsoft logo and wordmark
Microsoft logo and wordmark

It is headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Today, the company is recognized as a Big Tech leader. It is the largest software company in the world by revenue. It is also one of the most valuable public companies and brands globally. Microsoft provides tools for individual users and large enterprises. These include software, hardware, internet services, and cloud computing.

Building92microsoft
Building92microsoft

The company's journey began with a focus on microcomputer software. In 1975, Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded the company. They wanted to market BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800.

Altair 8800 and Model 33 ASR Teletype
Altair 8800 and Model 33 ASR Teletype

An interpreter is a program that translates code so a computer can understand it. After a successful demonstration in Albuquerque, New Mexico, MITS agreed to distribute their software. This was called Altair BASIC. The founders officially established Microsoft on April 4, 1975. Gates served as the first CEO.

Bill Gates and Paul Allen Business Cards
Bill Gates and Paul Allen Business Cards

Microsoft achieved dominance through the development of operating systems. An operating system, or OS, is the software that manages a computer's hardware and applications. In 1980, IBM awarded Microsoft a contract for the IBM Personal Computer. Microsoft provided a version of the CP/M operating system called 86-DOS. They rebranded this as MS-DOS.

1981BillPaul
1981BillPaul

This deal allowed Microsoft to own the operating system used by many computers. In 1985, they released Windows 1.0. This was a graphical extension for MS-DOS. It allowed users to interact with computers using a mouse rather than just typing text.

Microsoft Windows 1.0 pages2 3
Microsoft Windows 1.0 pages2 3

Over time, Microsoft released 9 versions of MS-DOS and 13 versions of Windows.

The company has undergone several major leadership changes and shifts in focus. In 2000, Steve Ballmer replaced Bill Gates as CEO. Ballmer oversaw the acquisition of Skype Technologies in 2011. He also pushed the company into hardware with the Surface line in 2012.

SurfacePro3
SurfacePro3

In 2014, Satya Nadella became CEO. Under Nadella, Microsoft shifted its primary focus toward cloud computing. This involves providing computing services over the internet. He also expanded the company's presence in video gaming.

Satya smiling-print
Satya smiling-print

This included the acquisition of LinkedIn in 2016 and Activision Blizzard in 2023.

Microsoft's product ecosystem is divided into several key categories. Their most famous software is the Microsoft Office suite. This includes productivity applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. They also provide the Azure cloud computing platform for businesses.

Microsoft IntelliMouse 2001
Microsoft IntelliMouse 2001

In the hardware sector, they produce Surface personal computers and Xbox video game consoles.

Xbox-console
Xbox-console

The Xbox division includes the Xbox network for online gaming.

Xbox One Console Set
Xbox One Console Set

They also offer consumer internet services. These include the Bing web search engine and the Outlook.com email service.

Growth has brought both immense wealth and legal challenges. In 1986, Microsoft held an initial public offering, or IPO. This allowed the company to sell stock to the public. The rising share price created three billionaires and roughly 12,000 millionaires among its employees. However, the company faced significant scrutiny from governments. The United States Department of Justice and the European Union investigated Microsoft for monopolistic practices. They looked at how Microsoft used its dominance in operating systems to affect other markets. In 2004, the European Union fined the company €497 million.

Microsoft remains a central pillar of the global digital economy. In April 2019, it became the third public U.S. company valued at over $1 trillion. This valuation reflects its massive reach across different industries. The company connects to many modern systems, from enterprise databases like SQL Server to developer tools like Visual Studio. It also explores new frontiers like artificial intelligence and augmented reality.

Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin tries out Microsoft HoloLens (29794543715)
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin tries out Microsoft HoloLens (29794543715)

From its early days of simple code to modern cloud networks, Microsoft has shaped how the world uses technology.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:Microsoft logo and wordmark.svg
Microsoft logo and wordmark.svg
File:Altair 8800 and Model 33 ASR Teletype.jpg
Altair 8800 and Model 33 ASR Teletype.jpg
File:1981BillPaul.jpg
1981BillPaul.jpg
File:Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg
Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg
File:Microsoft Windows 1.0 pages2 3.jpg
Microsoft Windows 1.0 pages2 3.jpg
File:300lx.jpg
300lx.jpg
File:Microsoft IntelliMouse 2001.jpg
Microsoft IntelliMouse 2001.jpg
File:Xbox-console.jpg
Xbox-console.jpg
File:Steve Ballmer - MIX 2008.jpg
Steve Ballmer - MIX 2008.jpg
File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman - Berlaymont - 01.jpg
Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman -...
File:SurfacePro3.JPG
SurfacePro3.JPG
File:Xbox One Console Set.jpg
Xbox One Console Set.jpg

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