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Mei Lanfang

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Mei Lanfang was a legendary figure in modern Chinese theater. He was a master of Peking opera, a traditional art form. He was most famous for playing the dan. The dan are the female lead roles in the opera. Within this category, he specialized in the qingyi. These roles represent young or middle-aged women of great grace and refinement. Because of his incredible skill, he was named one of the "Four Great Dan." His performers' style was so smooth and poised that it became known as the "Mei School."

Meilanfang banshenxiang
Meilanfang banshenxiang

Developing such mastery required intense, disciplined training from a very young age. Mei began his studies when he was only eight years old. He practiced a wide range of skills, including acting, singing, and acrobatics. He made his official stage debut in 1904 at the Guanghe Theatre. At the time of his first performance, he was only eleven years old. He played the role of a weaving girl to start his career. Over his fifty-year career, he constantly worked to develop new techniques while maintaining tradition.

Mei was also a vital protector of Kunqu theater. Kunqu is a traditional Chinese theater style that uses drama, ballet, opera, poetry, and music. He was known for his specific interpretations of famous characters. These included Du Liniang in *The Peony Pavilion* and Bai Suzhen in *Legend of the White Snake*. His ability to portray the character Beauty Yu was considered historically moving. Some critics even described him as one of the greatest vocal artists in modern China.

Mei Lanfang Family portrait
Mei Lanfang Family portrait

Mei Lanfang was born in Beijing in 1894. His family roots were in Taizhou, in the Jiangsu region. He was born into a family of performers. Both his parents were trained in Peking opera and Kunqu. This deep family history helped shape his lifelong dedication to the stage. His personal life was also tied to the theater. He married Wang Minghua in 1910, who also came from an opera family. Later, in 1921, he married Fu Zhifang, an opera actress, to help carry on his family lineage. His children, Mei Baoyue and Mei Baojiu, both became opera players to continue his art.

Mao Zedong, Kliment Voroshilov and Mei Lanfang in Beijing
Mao Zedong, Kliment Voroshilov and Mei Lanfang in Beijing

Mei was a global ambassador for Chinese culture. He was the first artist to bring Peking opera to many foreign countries. In 1930, he toured North America and visited Hollywood. During this time, he met famous actors like Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford. He also formed a friendship with the actor Charlie Chaplin. In 1935, he traveled to Europe to perform in Berlin and Moscow. His performances deeply impressed the German playwright Bertolt Brecht. This encounter even influenced Brecht's famous concept known as the alienation effect.

Mei also used his fame to help others during times of crisis. In 1924, he traveled to Japan following the Great Kantō earthquake. He used his performances to raise money for those affected by the destruction. He also showed great courage during the war starting in 1937. When the Japanese Army occupied Beijing, they ordered him to perform for them. They even offered him a high-ranking official position. Mei refused to sing for them throughout the entire war. He chose to live an impoverished life until the war ended in 1945.

After 1949, Mei held several important leadership roles in China. He served as the director of the China Beijing Opera Theater. He was also the director of the Chinese Opera Research Institute. His influence extended to the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, where he was vice-chairman. His life and work continue to be studied and celebrated today. His story has been told in books, documentaries, and films. For example, the 2008 film *Forever Enthralled* provides a biographical account of his life.

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File:Mao Zedong, Kliment Voroshilov and Mei Lanfang in Beijing.jpg
Mao Zedong, Kliment Voroshilov and Mei...
File:Meilanfang banshenxiang.JPG
Meilanfang banshenxiang.JPG
File:Mei Lanfang Family portrait.jpg
Mei Lanfang Family portrait.jpg
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