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Maxilla

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

The maxilla is a very important bone in your face. It is the bone that makes up your upper jaw. In humans, this bone also helps form the hard palate. The hard palate is the firm roof of your mouth.

Sobo 1909 100 - Palatine process of maxilla
Sobo 1909 100 - Palatine process of maxilla

The maxilla is actually a paired bone. This means there are two bones that join together. They meet at a line called the intermaxillary suture. This joint forms a small point called the anterior nasal spine. It works much like your lower jaw bone. The lower jaw is called the mandible. Both the maxilla and the mandible are made of two bones fused together.

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Gray161

This bone has a very special way of working. It has a pyramid shape with several different surfaces. One part is called the alveolar process. This part acts like a holder for your upper teeth. The bone also creates several hollow spaces and paths. One important space is the maxillary sinus. This is a hollow area inside the bone. The maxilla also helps build the walls of your eye sockets. It helps form the floor of your nose too. It even helps make the roof of your mouth.

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Gray162

Scientists have studied how this bone grows for a long time. Some experts, like Mall and Fawcett, have shared their findings. They believe the bone grows from two main centers. One center is for the maxilla itself. The other center is for the premaxilla. These two centers start to appear during the sixth week before a baby is born. They join together by the start of the third month. However, a line stays between them on the palate for a long time. This line can last until you are nearly middle-aged.

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Gray162

There are many specific details about the maxilla's shape. At birth, the bone is wider than it is tall. The body of the bone is mostly just the part that holds teeth. The maxillary sinus looks like a small groove in a newborn. As you grow, the bone changes its shape. The vertical part becomes the longest part of the bone. This happens because the teeth sockets and the sinus grow larger. The bone connects with nine different bones in the head. These include the frontal, nasal, and zygomatic bones.

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Gray161

Different animals have different types of jaws. In most vertebrates, the very front part of the jaw is separate. This part is called the premaxilla. In humans, this fuses with the maxilla. In bony fish and reptiles, the bones are more like flat plates. Birds do not have a true maxilla. They call the part of their beak the upper mandible. Sharks are also different from us. They do not have a true maxilla at all. Instead, their upper jaw is a bar made of cartilage.

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FracLeftNasalBoneMark
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File:Sobo 1909 100 - Palatine process of maxilla.png
Sobo 1909 100 - Palatine process of maxilla.png
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File:FracLeftNasalBoneMark.png
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