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Matthias the Apostle

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Matthias was a man chosen to serve as one of the twelve apostles. An apostle is a leader within the early Christian faith. Matthias was selected to fill the vacancy left by Judas Iscariot. Judas had betrayed Jesus and subsequently died. This event created a need for a new member in the core group of leaders. Matthias's selection is unique in religious history because of the method used to choose him.

The process of selecting Matthias involved a specific sequence of steps. Following the Ascension of Jesus into Heaven, the gathered disciples met to find a replacement. This group of followers numbered approximately 120 people. The apostle Peter proposed that the group nominate two candidates for the position. They selected Joseph, who was also called Barsabbas or Justus, and Matthias. The group then prayed for divine guidance to reveal which man was chosen.

To make the final decision, the followers used a method called casting lots. This was a way to let God decide the outcome through chance. When the lots were cast, the result fell to Matthias. Because of this, he was officially numbered among the eleven remaining apostles. This allowed him to take part in the ministry and apostleship that Judas had left behind. The book of Acts describes this as a way to replace the one who fell through transgression.

Historical records regarding Matthias are often varied and sometimes contradictory. The three synoptic gospels do not mention him by name among the original followers. However, the book of Acts states he was present from Jesus's baptism by John until the Ascension. Some ancient writings use different names for him, which creates historical puzzles. A Syriac version of the writings calls him "Tolmai." Other thinkers, such as Clement of Alexandria, have suggested he might be identified as Zacchaeus.

There are many different traditions regarding where Matthias traveled and how he died. Greek traditions suggest he spread Christianity near the Caspian Sea, specifically near the port of Hyssus. Other accounts, such as the Coptic Acts of Andrew and Matthias, place his work in Ethiopia. Some sources link him to Colchis, which is part of modern-day Georgia. A marker at the Roman fortress of Gonio in Georgia claims he is buried there.

Accounts of his death also vary significantly across different historical sources. One tradition states that Matthias was brought before a council of elders in Jerusalem. He was accused of being a "seducer" for preaching that Jesus was the Son of God. According to this account, he was sentenced to be stoned and then beheaded by a Roman soldier. Other traditions offer different endings. Hippolytus of Rome suggested that Matthias lived a long life and died of old age in Jerusalem.

Today, many different Christian denominations observe feast days to honor Matthias. The date of these celebrations depends on the specific religious tradition. In the Roman Catholic Church, the feast was moved in 1969 from February to May 14. This change was made so the celebration would occur during Eastertide rather than during Lent. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates his feast on August 9. Other groups, like the Church of England, may still use the February date.

Relics, which are physical remains or objects associated with a saint, are also tied to his memory. It is claimed that Empress Helena brought his remains to Rome. Some believe parts of these relics are located in the Abbey of Santa Giustina in Padua. Others believe pieces are kept at the Abbey of St. Matthias in Trier, Germany. These various locations and stories show how the figure of Matthias remains a significant subject in religious history and study.

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