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Manilkara zapota

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The *Manilkara zapota* is a significant evergreen tree found in tropical regions.

Sapodilla tree
Sapodilla tree

It is known by many names, including sapodilla, sapote, and chicozapote. These names often come from the Spanish word for "little sapote." The specific name *zapota* comes from a Nahuatl word. This word originally described other fruits that looked similar. This tree is important because it provides both food and industrial materials. It is a vital part of many tropical ecosystems and agricultural systems.

The tree has a very specific way of growing and reacting to its environment. It thrives in warm, tropical climates but cannot survive freezing temperatures. Young trees are sensitive to heat and drought. They may struggle when temperatures exceed 90°F. Mature trees can handle up to 105°F if they have shade and water.

Chikoo
Chikoo

The tree is also wind-resistant, which helps it survive storms. Its leaves are medium green and glossy. They grow in an alternating pattern on long stems called petioles. These leaves have an elliptic or ovate shape with entire margins.

There are distinct stages in the life of a sapodilla tree. It begins with germination and takes five to eight years to bear fruit. Once mature, the tree yields fruit twice every year. The flowering process may actually continue throughout the entire year. The flowers themselves are small and white. They are bell-like in shape and feature a six-lobed corolla. This corolla is the petal structure of the flower. The tree can live for up to one hundred years.

History shows how the sapodilla spread across the globe. It is native to southern Mexico and Central America. You can find it naturally in the Petenes mangroves of coastal Yucatán. During the period of Spanish colonization, the tree was introduced to the Philippines. This movement helped the tree spread into tropical Asia. Today, it is grown in large quantities in many different countries. This includes India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. It is also common in the Caribbean.

Measuring the tree reveals its impressive size and scale. A sapodilla can grow taller than 100 feet. However, the average height for cultivated trees is usually around 65 feet. The trunk diameter can reach up to 3 feet.

Sapodilla in Guntur
Sapodilla in Guntur

The fruit is a large berry that contains one to six seeds. These seeds are hard, black, and glossy. They look like beans and have a small hook at one end. This hook is a notable feature that can catch in a throat if swallowed.

The fruit changes significantly as it moves through its ripening process. An unripe fruit has a firm outer skin. If you pick an unripe fruit, it releases a white, gummy latex called chicle from its stem. This chicle comes from the bark and is used to make chewing gum. As the fruit ripens, the skin becomes saggy. A ripe fruit does not release chicle when picked. The inside flesh is pale yellow or earthy brown. It has a grainy texture similar to a ripe pear and a sweet, malty flavor.

Scientific studies have looked closely at the chemical properties of the tree. Unripe fruit contains high amounts of saponin. This substance has astringent properties, which can make the mouth feel dry. Researchers have also studied the leaves and seeds for medical potential. Extracts from the leaves showed anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects in rats. They also showed hypocholesterolemic effects, which means they can help lower cholesterol. Additionally, acetone extracts from the seeds showed antibacterial effects against certain bacteria in laboratory tests.

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File:Sapodilla tree.jpg
Sapodilla tree.jpg
File:Sapodilla in Guntur .jpg
Sapodilla in Guntur .jpg
File:Chikoo.JPG
Chikoo.JPG
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