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Llama

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Llamas are amazing social animals from South America. They live together in groups called herds.

Domestic llama (2009-05-19)
Domestic llama (2009-05-19)

For a very long time, people in the Andes have used them as pack animals. This means they carry heavy things on their backs. A llama can carry about 25% to 30% of its own body weight. They can walk for 8 to 13 km while carrying these loads.

Their soft wool is also very useful to people.

A llama's body is built to work in dry places. They have a special stomach with three parts. These parts are called the rumen, omasum, and abomasum. This setup helps them digest tough plants by using fermentation. They can even regurgitate food to chew it again.

Llama skeleton at MAV-USP
Llama skeleton at MAV-USP

They also have a very long large intestine, or colon. This part of the body reabsorbs water and vitamins from food waste. Because they save so much water, they can live in very dry lands.

The history of the llama is a long journey. Their ancestors lived on the Great Plains of North America 40 million years ago. About three million years ago, they moved to South America. This happened because the Isthmus of Panama formed, creating a path called the Great American Interchange.

By the end of the last ice age, about 12,000 years ago, camelids were gone from North America. Scientists like Joseph Leidy and Edward Drinker Cope helped us understand these old fossils.

Llamas belong to a group called camelids. This group includes the wild guanaco and the wild vicuña.

Lama glama Laguna Colorada 2
Lama glama Laguna Colorada 2

DNA tests show that the guanaco is the wild ancestor of the llama. Llamas are much larger than alpacas and have longer heads. They also have long ears that look like bananas. Unlike camels, llamas do not have any humps on their backs.

Llama with numbers
Llama with numbers

A full-grown llama can weigh over 94 kg.

You might think llamas are just like sheep. Early writers thought so, too! However, they are actually more like camels. They belong to a group called Tylopoda, which means "bump-footed."

This name comes from the special bumps on the soles of their feet. They are also related to animals like pigs and hippos. Even though they look different, they share many traits with these other living things.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:A Quechua girl and her Llama.jpg
A Quechua girl and her Llama.jpg
Llama in ueno zoo - 2009 Aug.webm
File:Domestic llama (2009-05-19).jpg
Domestic llama (2009-05-19).jpg
File:Llama skeleton at MAV-USP.jpg
Llama skeleton at MAV-USP.jpg
File:Llama with numbers.svg
Llama with numbers.svg
File:Lama glama (55026685111).jpg
Lama glama (55026685111).jpg
File:Lama glama Laguna Colorada 2.jpg
Lama glama Laguna Colorada 2.jpg
File:Black Llama.jpg
Black Llama.jpg
File:Lloyd the Llama.jpg
Lloyd the Llama.jpg
File:Guard llama and flock-enhanced.jpg
Guard llama and flock-enhanced.jpg
File:Lever-park-1910.png
Lever-park-1910.png
File:Handspun llama yarn.jpg
Handspun llama yarn.jpg

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