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Limited liability company

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A limited liability company, or LLC, is a special way to run a business in the United States. It is a hybrid structure. This means it mixes parts of two other business types. It takes the safety of a corporation and the tax style of a partnership. This safety is called limited liability. It helps protect the owners from the debts of the business.

How an LLC works depends on its owners and its rules. The owners are called members instead of shareholders. They do not own shares of stock. Instead, they hold something called a membership interest. Members use a document called an operating agreement to set their rules. This agreement can decide how the business is managed. It can also help prevent arguments between members.

The history of the LLC began in Wyoming in 1977. A group called the Hamilton Brothers Oil Company helped create the first law. They wanted the same tax and safety benefits they had in Panama. At first, other states were slow to make their own LLC laws. They were not sure how the tax rules would work. By 1996, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had LLC laws.

Tax rules for these businesses have changed over time. From 1960 to 1997, the government used the Kintner regulations. These rules used a six-factor test to decide how to tax a business. In 1988, a ruling decided that Wyoming LLCs could be taxed as partnerships. This helped other states take the LLC form seriously. In 1997, new rules called "check the box" went into effect. These rules gave owners more choices for their taxes.

LLCs are very common because they offer a lot of flexibility. An LLC can have just one owner or many owners. Some states even allow professional services to form special versions called PLLCs. For example, Texas may require medical or legal services to use a PLLC. This structure is often easier to manage than a large corporation. It is a popular choice for many different kinds of companies today.

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