Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Lanzarote

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Lanzarote is a Spanish island located in the Atlantic Ocean.

Flag of Lanzarote
Flag of Lanzarote

It is the easternmost island in the Canary Islands archipelago. The island sits north-west of Africa and north-east of Fuerteventura. It is the fourth-largest island in this group. The capital city is Arrecife, which sits on the eastern coastline.

Lanzarote San Bartolomé morning
Lanzarote San Bartolomé morning

As of early 2024, the island has 163,230 inhabitants. This makes it the third most populous island in the Canary Islands. UNESCO declared Lanzarote a biosphere reserve in 1993.

The island's physical landscape was shaped by volcanic activity. Lanzarote emerged about 15 million years ago. This happened because of the Canary hotspot. The island formed after the African and American continental plates broke apart. The geology is defined by mountain ranges like Famara in the north.

El Jable from Famara cliffs
El Jable from Famara cliffs

The Ajaches mountains are located in the south. Between these ranges lies the El Jable desert. The highest point on the island is Peñas del Chache.

Atlantic Ocean at Los Picollos, Lanzarote
Atlantic Ocean at Los Picollos, Lanzarote

The island also features the Cueva de los Verdes. This contains the Tunnel of Atlantis, the largest underwater volcanic tunnel in the world.

Volcanic eruptions have drastically changed the island's surface. Between 1730 and 1736, a series of intense eruptions occurred. This period began at the Caldera de Los Cuervos volcano on September 1, 1730.

Caldera de Los Cuervos
Caldera de Los Cuervos

The activity ended on April 16, 1736, at the Montaña Colorada volcano.

These eruptions created 32 new volcanoes. Lava covered one-quarter of the island's surface. This included 11 villages and the most fertile soil. The Montañas del Fuego, or "Mountains of Fire," contains about 100 smaller volcanoes.

Human history on Lanzarote spans many different cultures. The Guanche people were the original inhabitants. They called the island Tyterogaka, which may mean "one that is all ochre."

Panoramic view of the central part of Lanzarote
Panoramic view of the central part of Lanzarote

The Romans recorded the island in the encyclopaedia Naturalis Historia. Later, Arabs arrived in 999 and called it al-Djezir al-Khalida. In 1336, the Genoese navigator Lancelotto Malocello arrived from Lisbon. His name is the source of the modern name, Lanzarote. In 1402, French explorer Jean de Béthencourt arrived at Playas de Papagayo.

Lanzarote 1 Luc Viatour
Lanzarote 1 Luc Viatour

This led to the first European settlement at El Rubicón.

The climate of Lanzarote is a subtropical hot desert climate. This is known as the BWh classification in the Köppen system. People often call it the "Island of Eternal Spring." Most precipitation happens during the winter months. Between December and February, the island sees about 16 days of rain. Summers are often completely dry with almost no rain.

El Jable from Famara cliffs
El Jable from Famara cliffs

A hot wind called the sirocco can blow across the land. This wind creates dry and dusty conditions. This environment requires plants to adapt to a scarcity of water.

Biodiversity on the island is unique and highly adapted. There are 500 different kinds of plants on Lanzarote. Seventeen of these species are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else. The Canary Island date palm grows in wetter northern areas. In the La Geria wine region, farmers use a special technique. They plant vines in deep pits with small stone walls.

La Geria vines
La Geria vines

These walls protect the plants from the drying winds. They also help harvest rainfall and overnight dew. The island also hosts unique animals. These include the blind Munidopsis polymorpha crab.

El Golfo Charco de los Clicos Panorama
El Golfo Charco de los Clicos Panorama

This crab lives in the Jameos del Agua salt lake.

Lanzarote remains a significant part of the Province of Las Palmas. It is divided into seven different municipalities. The island's economy and environment face modern challenges. In 2009, a corruption scandal involved illegal building permits. This scandal threatened the island's UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status. UNESCO noted that developments must respect local needs and the environment. Despite these challenges, the island remains a major destination. Its volcanic landscapes and unique biology continue to attract visitors from around the world.

621 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Flag of Lanzarote.svg
Flag of Lanzarote.svg
File:Montaña del Señalo.jpg
Montaña del Señalo.jpg
File:Lanzarote San Bartolomé morning.jpg
Lanzarote San Bartolomé morning.jpg
File:El Jable from Famara cliffs.jpg
El Jable from Famara cliffs.jpg
File:Atlantic Ocean at Los Picollos, Lanzarote.jpg
Atlantic Ocean at Los Picollos, Lanzarote.jpg
File:Caldera de Los Cuervos.jpg
Caldera de Los Cuervos.jpg
File:Montaña Colorada Lanzarote.jpg
Montaña Colorada Lanzarote.jpg
File:La Geria vines.jpg
La Geria vines.jpg
File:Lanzarote 1 Luc Viatour.jpg
Lanzarote 1 Luc Viatour.jpg
File:Panoramic view of Lanzarote from the peak of Montaña Blanca.jpg
Panoramic view of Lanzarote from the peak...
File:Hacha grande from papagayo pano.jpg
Hacha grande from papagayo pano.jpg
File:Panoramic view of the central part of Lanzarote.jpg
Panoramic view of the central part of...

+ 2 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.