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Lagoon

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A lagoon is a shallow body of water.

BalosLagoonCreta
BalosLagoonCreta

It sits next to a much larger body of water. A narrow piece of land separates the two. This land might be a coral reef or a barrier island.

Venice Lagoon December 9 2001
Venice Lagoon December 9 2001

Some people call these areas estuaries. However, experts often use different names for them. A lagoon is usually long and runs along the coast. An estuary is often a river valley that has flooded. These water bodies are very common around our world.

Hiddensee (2011-05-21)
Hiddensee (2011-05-21)

There are two main ways these lagoons form. Atoll lagoons happen around coral reefs. First, the reefs grow upward toward the sun. Next, the islands they surround begin to sink down. Eventually, only the ring of reef stays above the water.

Atafutrim
Atafutrim

This leaves a lagoon in the middle. Coastal lagoons form in a different way. They appear along coasts that slope very gently. Barrier islands or reefs develop far from the shore. As sea levels rise, these areas become shallow lagoons.

Caspian Sea covered with plants near Bandar-e Anzali - Barry Kent
Caspian Sea covered with plants near Bandar-e Anzali - Barry Kent

People have studied these places for a long time. The word lagoon comes from the Venetian word "laguna." This name refers to the waters around Venice, Italy.

Venice Lagoon December 9 2001
Venice Lagoon December 9 2001

English speakers began using the word by 1612. In 1697, William Dampier wrote about a salt water lagoon in Mexico. Later, Captain James Cook described an island with a lagoon in 1769. These explorers helped us learn about different types of water. They saw how lagoons look in many different lands. Many different languages have their own special names for them.

Lagoons can be found in many different places. They exist along nearly 15 percent of the world's shorelines. In the United States, they cover 75 percent of the Eastern and Gulf Coasts.

Kara-Bogaz Gol from space, September 1995
Kara-Bogaz Gol from space, September 1995

Some lagoons are very large, like Lake Maracaibo. Other lagoons are part of big systems like the Pamlico Sound. The water in a lagoon can be salty or fresh. This depends on how much fresh water flows in. It also depends on how much water evaporates away. Some lagoons have many inlets to the ocean. Others have very few paths to the sea.

Lagoons are part of a changing world. They are often young and can change quickly.

BalosLagoonCreta
BalosLagoonCreta

If the sea level drops, a lagoon might dry up. If the sea level rises, the ocean might break the barrier. This can leave the reefs too deep to protect the water. Many things help build up the floor of a lagoon. Rivers carry sediment, which is sand or mud, into the water. Storm waves can also wash sand over the barrier islands. Plants like mangroves help trap this sediment in place. This makes the lagoon a very busy place for nature.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:BalosLagoonCreta.jpg
BalosLagoonCreta.jpg
File:Kara-Bogaz Gol from space, September 1995.jpg
Kara-Bogaz Gol from space, September 1995.jpg
File:Venice Lagoon December 9 2001.jpg
Venice Lagoon December 9 2001.jpg
File:Atafutrim.jpg
Atafutrim.jpg
File:Caspian Sea covered with plants near Bandar-e Anzali - Barry Kent.jpg
Caspian Sea covered with plants near...
File:Hiddensee (2011-05-21).JPG
Hiddensee (2011-05-21).JPG
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