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Labrador Sea

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The Labrador Sea is a significant arm of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Labrador Sea in its region
Labrador Sea in its region

It is located between the Labrador Peninsula in Canada and the island of Greenland. To the north, it connects to Baffin Bay through the Davis Strait. The sea is surrounded by continental shelves on its southwest, northwest, and northeast sides. This marginal sea is a vital part of the larger Atlantic Ocean system. Its unique characteristics affect ocean circulation and deep-sea environments.

The formation of this sea began millions of years ago. It formed when the North American Plate and the Greenland Plate began to separate. This geological process started about 60 million years ago during the Paleocene epoch. The separation continued until about 40 million years ago. Before this, a sedimentary basin existed in the area during the Cretaceous period. As the plates moved apart, magmatic sea-floor spreading occurred. This caused volcanic eruptions of basalts and picrites in the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay.

The seafloor of the Labrador Sea contains remarkable geological features. One of the most notable is the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel, or NAMOC.

Labrador Sea in its region
Labrador Sea in its region

The NAMOC is one of the world's largest turbidity current channel systems. It functions like a massive submarine river bed with many tributaries. This system runs for thousands of kilometres along the sea bottom. It carries high-density turbidity currents through its levees toward the Atlantic Ocean. This channel system dates back to the Pleistocene age.

Ocean currents create a large anticlockwise circulation within the sea. The East Greenland Current and the West Greenland Current initiate this movement. The West Greenland Current carries warmer, more saline water northwards along the coasts. This water travels up toward Baffin Bay. Next, the Baffin Island Current and the Labrador Current transport water southward. The Labrador Current moves cold, less saline water along the Canadian coast.

LabradorCurrentus-coastguard
LabradorCurrentus-coastguard

This current typically moves at 0.5 metres per second, but it can reach higher speeds. These currents often carry icebergs, which can make navigation and gas field exploration difficult.

The Labrador Sea is a critical source of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This is a massive, cold water mass that flows at great depths. A specific part of this is called Labrador Sea Water, or LSW. LSW forms within the Labrador Sea at medium depths. It has a relatively low salinity between 34.84 and 34.89 parts per thousand. It also has a low temperature of approximately 0 degrees Celsius. Because LSW has a high potential density, it sinks below the surface. This makes it a very stable and homogeneous water mass.

Marine life thrives in these cold and nutrient-rich waters. In winter, ice covers about two-thirds of the sea. This drift ice serves as a breeding ground for various pinnipeds. You can find Atlantic walrus, bearded seals, and several other seal species there. Large cetaceans also visit the sea to feed. These include blue whales, humpback whales, and the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale.

Labrador Tea flower
Labrador Tea flower

Orcas are also drawn to the area by large shoals of fish and other marine mammals. The sea is also a significant feeding ground for Atlantic salmon.

Human history and resources are also tied to this region. Between 500 BC and 1300 AD, various groups lived along the southern coast. These included the Dorset, Beothuk, and Inuit people. The Dorset tribes were eventually replaced by the Thule people. The sea has also supported important fisheries. For a long time, people fished for cod, haddock, and herring. However, cod fishing was halted in 1992 because the population was depleted. On the nearby coasts, people find plants like the evergreen Labrador tea.

Labrador Tea flower
Labrador Tea flower

This plant is commonly used to make herbal teas.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Labrador Sea in its region.svg
Labrador Sea in its region.svg
File:LabradorCurrentus-coastguard.jpg
LabradorCurrentus-coastguard.jpg
File:Labrador Tea flower.jpg
Labrador Tea flower.jpg
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