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Laptev Sea

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The Laptev Sea is a marginal sea within the Arctic Ocean.

Laptev Sea map
Laptev Sea map

It is located between the northern coast of Siberia and several major landforms. These include the Taimyr Peninsula, Severnaya Zemlya, and the New Siberian Islands. To its west lies the Kara Sea. To its east is the East Siberian Sea. The sea is named after the Russian explorers Dmitry and Khariton Laptev. Before this, it was known by other names, including the Nordenskiöld Sea. This sea is a vital part of the global Arctic system because it is a massive source of sea ice.

Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m
Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m

The sea is characterized by a severe Arctic continental climate. This means the weather is extremely cold and remote from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In the northern part of the sea, temperatures stay below 0 °C for 11 months of the year. In the southern part, it stays below freezing for nine months. The coldest month is January, when temperatures can drop to -54 °C. In July, the north reaches a maximum of 4 °C. The south can reach 10 °C. However, coastal areas in August can reach 24 °C.

Tiksi
Tiksi

Winter brings strong winds, blizzards, and snow storms. In summer, snow still falls and often mixes with fog.

The physical structure of the sea is mostly shallow. About 53% of the sea sits on a continental shelf. In these areas, the average depth is less than 50 meters. In fact, areas south of 76°N are often shallower than 25 meters. However, the northern part changes quickly. The sea bottom drops sharply to the ocean floor in the north. This area covers 22% of the sea and reaches depths of about 4,000 meters. The bottom in shallow areas is often covered with silt mixed with ice. The southern boundary is the East Siberian Lowland, an alluvial plain made of marine sediments.

One of the most important functions of the Laptev Sea is its role in ice production. It is a major source of Arctic sea ice. Between 1979 and 1995, it exported an average of 483,000 km² of ice every year. This amount is greater than the combined ice output of the Barents, Kara, East Siberian, and Chukchi seas. Ice formation usually starts in September in the north and October in the south. However, human-driven climate change has caused ice to form later. In 2020, Siberia saw record heat, and ice formation did not begin until late October.

Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m
Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m

The ice can grow quite thick, reaching up to 4 meters in the south-east.

The water in the sea is influenced heavily by massive river systems. These rivers carry huge amounts of freshwater into the salty ocean. The Lena River is the largest contributor, providing about 515 km³ of runoff per year. This represents 70% of the total river runoff. Other major rivers include the Khatanga, Anabar, Olenyok, Omoloy, and Yana. Total annual runoff is about 730 km³. This much freshwater could create a 135 cm thick layer over the entire sea. Because of this, the salinity levels drop significantly in the summer. In winter, salinity is between 20 and 34 parts per thousand. In summer, it can drop to as low as 5 parts per thousand.

Human history in this region spans thousands of years. Indigenous tribes like the Yukaghirs lived along the shores for a very long time. They were followed by the Evens and Evenks, who practiced fishing, hunting, and reindeer husbandry.

Yukaghir map XVII-XX
Yukaghir map XVII-XX

Later, Yakuts and Russians settled the area. Russian exploration began in the 17th century. Explorers often traveled from the south via the large rivers. The sea contains several dozen islands, such as Bolshoy Begichev and Belkovsky. These islands are often subject to erosion from storms and ice. Some islands, like Semenovsky and Vasilievsky, disappeared after being discovered in 1815.

Even women
Even women

The movement of water in the Laptev Sea follows a specific pattern. A large current forms a cyclone in the sea. A southward stream flows near Severnaya Zemlya and moves along the coast from west to east. This flow is strengthened by the Lena River. The current then turns north and north-west toward the Arctic Ocean. This cyclone moves at a speed of about 2 cm/s. The sea also experiences tides that are mostly semi-diurnal, meaning they rise twice a day. In the Khatanga Gulf, the tidal wave can reach 2 meters because of the shape of the gulf. This wave can be felt as far as 500 km up the Khatanga River.

Анабарский залив
Анабарский залив
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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Laptev Sea map.png
Laptev Sea map.png
BrnBld LaptevTopo.pdf
File:Анабарский залив.jpg
Анабарский залив.jpg
File:Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg
Siberia.A2001184.0235.250m.jpg
File:Yukaghir map XVII-XX.png
Yukaghir map XVII-XX.png
File:Even women.jpg
Even women.jpg
File:Russian schooner Zarya, 1910.jpg
Russian schooner Zarya, 1910.jpg
File:Snowy Owl - Schnee-Eule.jpg
Snowy Owl - Schnee-Eule.jpg
File:Plectrophenax nivalis1.jpg
Plectrophenax nivalis1.jpg
File:Tiksi.jpg
Tiksi.jpg
File:Ib-lenin1b.PNG
Ib-lenin1b.PNG
File:Krasin ice.PNG
Krasin ice.PNG
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