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Kyiv

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Kyiv is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine.

Kyiv, Ukraine ESA22370890 (cropped)
Kyiv, Ukraine ESA22370890 (cropped)

It is located in the north-central part of the country. The city straddles both banks of the Dnieper River. This large river is a central feature of the landscape. As of January 2022, the population was 2,952,301 people. This makes Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. It serves as a vital hub for industry, science, and education.

Kiev downtown
Kiev downtown

The city's name has several interesting possible origins. Traditional stories from the Primary Chronicle name Kyi as a founder. Legend says Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv, and Lybid founded the city.

Kyi, Czech, Khoryv and Lubed in der Radziwiłłchronik
Kyi, Czech, Khoryv and Lubed in der Radziwiłłchronik

Some scholars call this an etymological myth. They suggest the founders' names might come from place names instead. Another theory connects the name to the Proto-Slavic root *kyjь. This root can mean a stick or a pole. In this view, the name might mean a palisaded settlement.

Старий Київ
Старий Київ

Archaeological evidence shows a very long history in this region. Humans lived in the area during the late Paleolithic period. During the Bronze Age, people of the Trypillian culture lived there. In the early Iron Age, tribes practiced farming and trading. They traded with the Scythians and people near the Black Sea. Roman coins from the 2nd to 4th centuries show trade with the Roman Empire. Scholars debate the exact founding date of the city. Some suggest 482 CE, while others suggest the 6th or 7th centuries.

Національний музей історії України, 2015 р.
Національний музей історії України, 2015 р.

Kyiv played a massive role in the history of Eastern Europe. In the mid-9th century, the Varangians, or Vikings, captured the city. Under Varangian rule, Kyiv became the capital of Kievan Rus'. This was the first East Slavic state. The city sat on a major trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople. By the year 1000 CE, the city had 45,000 residents. It featured over 400 churches and 8 markets.

Lebedev baptism
Lebedev baptism

Large projects like St. Sophia Cathedral showed its importance.

However, the city's prominence has shifted many times due to conflict. Between 1146 and 1246, the city changed hands 47 times. It was ruled by 24 different princes during this period. In 1240, the Mongol invasion led by Batu Khan destroyed much of the city. This event had a profound effect on the culture of Kievan Rus'. The city later became a center for Eastern Orthodox learning in the 16th century. It grew again during the industrial revolution in the late 19th century.

Ruined Kiev in WWII
Ruined Kiev in WWII

Modern history has brought more significant changes to Kyiv. In 1918, it became the capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Later, it became the capital of the Ukrainian SSR in 1934. The city suffered heavy destruction during World War II. It recovered to become the third-largest city in the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Ukraine became independent. Kyiv transformed into a market economy and an electoral democracy.

Kiev 24.7.1990 Ukrainian Flag
Kiev 24.7.1990 Ukrainian Flag

Today, Kyiv is Ukraine's largest and wealthiest city. It has moved away from a dependence on the armaments industry. This shift affected the science and technology sectors. However, the service and finance sectors are growing quickly. These new industries fund the development of housing and urban infrastructure. The city uses an extensive public transport system, including the Kyiv Metro.

Золоті Ворота
Золоті Ворота

It remains a major cultural and scientific center for the nation.

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🖼️ Images & Media (38)
File:Kyi, Czech, Khoryv and Lubed in der Radziwiłłchronik.jpg
Kyi, Czech, Khoryv and Lubed in der...
File:Pál Vágó (1853-1928) painter The Hungarian at Kiev (1896-99).jpg
Pál Vágó (1853-1928) painter The...
File:Lebedev baptism.jpg
Lebedev baptism.jpg
File:Kyiv episcopate (16457821).jpg
Kyiv episcopate (16457821).jpg
File:Pic I V Ivasiuk Mykola Bohdan Khmelnytskys Entry to Kyiv.jpg
Pic I V Ivasiuk Mykola Bohdan...
File:Старий Київ.jpg
Старий Київ.jpg
File:Kiev downtown.jpg
Kiev downtown.jpg
File:Генплан Києва 1936.jpg
Генплан Києва 1936.jpg
File:Ruined Kiev in WWII.jpg
Ruined Kiev in WWII.jpg
File:Kiev 24.7.1990 Ukrainian Flag.JPG
Kiev 24.7.1990 Ukrainian Flag.JPG
File:Kyiv, Ukraine ESA22370890 (cropped).jpeg
Kyiv, Ukraine ESA22370890 (cropped).jpeg
File:View to Kiev.jpg
View to Kiev.jpg

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