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Kut

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Kut, officially known as Al-Kut, is a major city in eastern Iraq.

Al kut doom
Al kut doom

It serves as the capital of the Wasit Governorate. The city is located on the left bank of the Tigris River. You can find it southeast of Baghdad. The old town is positioned within a sharp "U" bend of the river. This bend is located opposite the point where the Shatt al-Gharraf branches from the Tigris. This shape almost makes the town an island. It is only connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land.

مدينة واسط الاثرية
مدينة واسط الاثرية

The geography of the region is defined by its water and soil. Kut has a hot desert climate, which is classified as BWh in the Köppen–Geiger system. The area surrounding the city is a fertile region for growing cereal grains. For centuries, Kut has acted as a regional center for the carpet trade. The city's prosperity increased during the 19th century. This growth happened because of the advent of steamboat transportation on the Tigris. This allowed goods to move more easily through Ottoman Iraq.

Kut has a deep history that stretches back to ancient times. The medieval city of Madharaya once stood on the same site as modern Kut. Madharaya sat where the Nahrawan Canal flowed into the Tigris River. This ancient city is identified as the hometown of Mazdak. Mazdak was a religious leader during the Sasanian era. However, the city did not last forever. By the early 1200s, the writer Yaqut al-Hamawi recorded that Madharaya was in ruins.

The city also experienced intense conflict during World War I. In September 1915, the British Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force marched north from Basra. This was part of the Mesopotamian Campaign to control Ottoman Iraq. Led by Major General Charles Townshend, the British reached Kut on September 26. After three days of fighting, they drove Ottoman forces from the town. Later, the British moved upriver to Ctesiphon. Following a battle there, the British forces had to withdraw back to Kut.

On December 7, 1915, a period of great hardship began. Turkish forces under Colonel Nureddin Pasha arrived and started a siege. This siege lasted for 147 days. While some British cavalry managed to break out, most of the force remained trapped. Many attempts were made to relieve the besieged troops, but these efforts failed. Approximately 23,000 British and Indian soldiers died during these relief attempts.

Townshend, Khalil Pasha after Fall of Kut B
Townshend, Khalil Pasha after Fall of Kut B

Finally, on April 29, 1916, Townshend surrendered with about 8,000 surviving soldiers. The city was almost entirely rebuilt after the war ended.

Modern infrastructure helps manage the water for the region. In the 1930s, the Kut Barrage was constructed in the city. A barrage is a structure used to control water flow. This barrage supports a road and includes a lock for boats. Its main purpose is to keep the Tigris water level high. This provides water for the Gharraf irrigation canal. In 1952, land was reclaimed using water from this canal. This land was distributed to small farmers through a social land reform program. Each family received 20 dunams of land and was required to live there. In 2005, repairs to the barrage and the Gharraf Head Regulator cost US$3 million.

In the early 21st century, Kut saw significant military activity. The Contingency Operating Base (COB) Delta was a large American military installation. It sat on the right bank of the Tigris, southwest from Kut. The base was centered on the former Ubaydah Bin Al Jarrah Air Base. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, it functioned as a Forward Operating Base. It was manned by a multi-national force including troops from Poland, Kazakhstan, El Salvador, Georgia, Lithuania, Britain, and the United States.

Delta Tour DVIDS239459
Delta Tour DVIDS239459

The base was handed over to the Iraqi Air Force on October 24, 2011. Today, the estimated population of Kut is about 389,400 people.

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File:مدينة واسط الاثرية.jpg
مدينة واسط الاثرية.jpg
File:Al kut doom.jpg
Al kut doom.jpg
File:Townshend, Khalil Pasha after Fall of Kut B.jpg
Townshend, Khalil Pasha after Fall of Kut B.jpg
File:Delta Tour DVIDS239459.jpg
Delta Tour DVIDS239459.jpg
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