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Khaleda Zia

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Begum Khaleda Zia was a major political figure in Bangladesh. She served as the nation's prime minister during two separate periods. Her first term lasted from 1991 to 1996. Her second term ran from 2001 to 2006.

Khaleda Zia former Prime Minister of Bangladesh (5732764967)
Khaleda Zia former Prime Minister of Bangladesh (5732764967)

She was the first female prime minister in Bangladesh. She was also the second female prime minister in the Muslim world. Zia was the longtime chairperson of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, known as the BNP. She led this party from 1984 until her death in 2025.

Zia was born Khaleda Khanam in 1946 in Jalpaiguri, British India. Her family moved to East Bengal, which is now Bangladesh, in 1950.

Mr and Mrs Zia 1979
Mr and Mrs Zia 1979

In 1960, she married Ziaur Rahman, an officer in the Pakistan Army. She took his name to become Khaleda Zia. During the 1971 Liberation War, her life became very dangerous. She and her two sons were detained by Pakistani Forces. They were held in the old Parliament building and later in the Dhaka Cantonment. She was released on December 16, 1971, the day the war ended.

After her husband became president in 1977, Zia served as the first lady.

LulaZia
LulaZia

Her husband was assassinated in 1981. Following this tragedy, Zia entered active politics. She became a member of the BNP, which her husband had founded. By 1984, she was elected as the chairperson of the party. She used this position to fight against the military rule of Hussain Muhammad Ershad. This period was defined by her leadership in the pro-democracy movement.

Zia gained a reputation as an "uncompromising leader" during the 1980s.

Junichiro Koizumi and Khaleda Zia at the Prime Minister's Office 2005 (1)
Junichiro Koizumi and Khaleda Zia at the Prime Minister's Office 2005 (1)

She led many public rallies and protests against the Ershad regime. In 1986 and 1988, she chose to boycott the general elections. She believed these elections were not legitimate. This stance helped her lead a mass uprising in 1990 alongside Sheikh Hasina of the Awami League. This movement eventually helped end the military rule.

Her first term as prime minister began after the BNP won the 1991 general election.

During this time, she introduced various reforms. These included changes to education, the economy, and administration. Her second term began after a victory in the 2001 election. This term saw growth in the Gross Domestic Product, or GDP. It also saw more foreign investment and higher female literacy rates. However, the Corruption Perceptions Index labeled the country as very corrupt during this time.

Zia's political career faced many difficult challenges later on. A political crisis led to a military-backed caretaker government taking over in 2007. This government detained Zia and her two sons on corruption charges. After the BNP lost the 2008 election, she was driven from her house. In 2018, she was sentenced to 17 years in prison for corruption.

Secretary Kerry Poses for a Photo With Government Opposition Leader Begum Khaled Zia at U.S. Embassy Dhaka (29284522026)
Secretary Kerry Poses for a Photo With Government Opposition Leader Begum Khaled Zia at U.S. Embassy Dhaka (29284522026)

She was finally released and acquitted in 2024 following the July Revolution.

Zia's family remained deeply involved in the nation's history. Her son, Tarique Rahman, became the chairman of the BNP. He was elected as the prime minister in the 2026 general election. Her sister, Khurshid Jahan, served as a government minister.

Muhammad Yunus and Khaleda Zia at Armed Forces Day ceremony, Senakunja, Dhaka, 2025-11-21
Muhammad Yunus and Khaleda Zia at Armed Forces Day ceremony, Senakunja, Dhaka, 2025-11-21

Zia died on December 30, 2025, after a long illness. She was given a state funeral.

Funeral of Khaleda zia 02
Funeral of Khaleda zia 02

Her life remains a central part of the political story of Bangladesh.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Mr and Mrs Zia 1979.jpg
Mr and Mrs Zia 1979.jpg
File:LulaZia.jpg
LulaZia.jpg
File:Junichiro Koizumi and Khaleda Zia at the Prime Minister's Office 2005 (1).jpg
Junichiro Koizumi and Khaleda Zia at the...
File:The Leader of Opposition Shri L.K. Advani calls on the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Ms Khaleda Zia, in New Delhi on March 22, 2006.jpg
The Leader of Opposition Shri L.K. Advani...
File:Khaleda Zia meets Abdul Hamid, Bangabhaban, Dhaka, 2016-12-18.jpg
Khaleda Zia meets Abdul Hamid,...
File:Khaleda Zia former Prime Minister of Bangladesh (5732764967).jpg
Khaleda Zia former Prime Minister of...
File:Secretary Kerry Poses for a Photo With Government Opposition Leader Begum Khaled Zia at U.S. Embassy Dhaka (29284522026).jpg
Secretary Kerry Poses for a Photo With...
File:Muhammad_Yunus_and_Khaleda_Zia_at_Armed_Forces_Day_ceremony,_Senakunja,_Dhaka,_2025-11-21.jpg
Muhammad_Yunus_and_Khaleda_Zia_at_Armed_Fo...
File:2025-12-31 Janazah prayer for Khaleda Zia with Muhammad Yunus, military chiefs, political party leaders at Manik Mia Avenue.jpg
2025-12-31 Janazah prayer for Khaleda Zia...
File:Funeral of Khaleda zia 02.jpg
Funeral of Khaleda zia 02.jpg
File:2025-12-31 Guard of honor by armed forces for Khaleda Zia burial, Zia Udyan.jpg
2025-12-31 Guard of honor by armed forces...
File:2026-03-08 Zaima Rahman receives Best Indomitable Woman award from President Md Shahabuddin, honoring Begum Khaleda Zia, Osmani Smriti Auditorium, Dhaka.jpg
2026-03-08 Zaima Rahman receives Best...

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