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Kathmandu

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Kathmandu is the capital and largest city of Nepal.

Kathmandu Photo College 2017
Kathmandu Photo College 2017

It is located in the central part of the country. The city sits within the Kathmandu Valley. This area is a major hub for Nepal's economy and culture. The city is also a vital gateway for tourism to the Nepal Himalayas.

Nepaul valley map 1802
Nepaul valley map 1802

As of the 2021 Nepal census, the city has 845,767 residents. These people live in 105,649 households. The surrounding metropolitan area is much larger. It contains approximately 4 million people. The valley is experiencing rapid urbanization. In 2010, the growth rate was 4% per year. This makes it one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in South Asia.

The name Kathmandu comes from a specific building. This building was called Kasthamandap. It stood in Kathmandu Durbar Square. In Sanskrit, the name uses two words. Kāṣṭha means "wood." Maṇḍapa means "pavilion." This public pavilion was rebuilt in 1596 by Biseth. This occurred during the reign of King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The three-storey structure was made entirely of wood. It used neither iron nails nor supports. Legend says the timber came from a single tree. The April 2015 Nepal earthquake destroyed the original building. It has since been reconstructed.

Kathmandu durbar square
Kathmandu durbar square

Ancient myths describe how the valley was formed. The Swayambhu Purana says the valley was once a deep lake. Mythical serpents called Nāgas lived in these waters. The story tells of the Buddha Vipassī. He sowed a lotus seed in the lake. This grew into a radiant lotus flower. The deity Manjushri later arrived at the lake. He wanted people to be able to travel the land. He used an indestructible sword named Chandrahasa to cut a mountain. This action drained the lake from the valley. This created the land where people live today.

Gautam buddha statue
Gautam buddha statue

Archaeological evidence supports a very long history. Excavations have found ancient civilizations in the city. The oldest finding is a statue from Maligaon. This statue dates back to 185 AD. Archaeologists also found a brick at Dhando Chaitya. This brick has an inscription in Brahmi script. Experts believe the brick is two thousand years old. Stone inscriptions are found everywhere at heritage sites. These inscriptions are key sources for Nepalese history.

Kathmandu 1811 high (cropped)
Kathmandu 1811 high (cropped)

The Licchavi dynasty established rule around 400 AD. They migrated from Vaisali in modern Bihar. During this time, the city grew through trade. It was a transit point between India and Tibet. This trade brought wealth and new ideas. It also caused great growth in architecture. The Newar people became famous for their artistry. Newar artists traveled across Asia. One famous artist was named Araniko. He traveled through Tibet and China. Princess Bhrikuti also helped spread Buddhism to Tibet.

The Licchavi Princess Bhrikuti Devi in Golden Temple, Patan
The Licchavi Princess Bhrikuti Devi in Golden Temple, Patan

The Malla era followed the Licchavi period. The valley was divided into four fortified cities. These were Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These states were part of a Malla confederation. The cities competed in art, architecture, and trade. This competition led to massive development. Kings helped build public squares and temples. They also developed waterspouts and legal codes. Many notable sites were built during this era. These include the various Durbar Squares.

Kaal Bhairav at Hanumandhoka
Kaal Bhairav at Hanumandhoka

Today, Kathmandu is a multi-ethnic city. Most of the population is Hindu. There is also a significant Vajrayana Buddhist presence. The city hosts many World Heritage Sites. These include Swayambhu Mahachaitya and Bouddha.

Boudha Stupa IMG 7804 2018 36
Boudha Stupa IMG 7804 2018 36

Pashupatinath is another major site.

Pashupatinath Temple-2020
Pashupatinath Temple-2020

The city is also a center for international cooperation. Since 1985, it has hosted the SAARC headquarters.

SAARC Secretariat at Kathmandu
SAARC Secretariat at Kathmandu

Kathmandu remains the epicenter of the nation's history and art.

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🖼️ Images & Media (30)
File:Medbud BuddhaManjushri.jpg
Medbud BuddhaManjushri.jpg
File:Kathmandu durbar square.jpg
Kathmandu durbar square.jpg
File:Boudha Stupa IMG 7804 2018 36.jpg
Boudha Stupa IMG 7804 2018 36.jpg
File:Gautam buddha statue.jpg
Gautam buddha statue.jpg
File:Kaal Bhairav at Hanumandhoka.jpg
Kaal Bhairav at Hanumandhoka.jpg
File:Nepaul valley map 1802.jpg
Nepaul valley map 1802.jpg
File:Kathmandu 1811 high (cropped).jpg
Kathmandu 1811 high (cropped).jpg
File:IMG-cbda959226963b8c6bbdaf27da44fabd-V.jpg
IMG-cbda959226963b8c6bbdaf27da44fabd-V.jpg
File:Kathmandu Photo College 2017.jpg
Kathmandu Photo College 2017.jpg
File:Dipawali 2013 of Kathmandu.jpg
Dipawali 2013 of Kathmandu.jpg
File:The Licchavi Princess Bhrikuti Devi in Golden Temple, Patan.jpg
The Licchavi Princess Bhrikuti Devi in...
File:इन्द्र.jpg
इन्द्र.jpg

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