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Pokhara

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Pokhara is a major metropolitan city located in central Nepal.

Pokhara and Phewa Lake
Pokhara and Phewa Lake

It serves as the capital of the Gandaki Province. Many people refer to it as the "capital of tourism" for the country. It is the second largest city in Nepal, following the capital, Kathmandu. As of the 2021 census, the city had 600,051 inhabitants living in 120,594 households.

Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan Map
Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan Map

The city sits at an average elevation of approximately 822 meters above sea level. It is situated on the shores of Phewa Lake. This location makes it a vital hub for travelers and locals alike.

The geography of the Pokhara Valley is shaped by dramatic mountain features. The city sits in a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley. This valley is part of the Himalayan Pahad region. In this area, the mountains rise very quickly. The elevation climbs sharply from the valley floor. This rapid rise in altitude causes high precipitation rates. The valley receives about 3,350 mm of rain per year. Nearby areas like Lumle receive even more, reaching 5,600 mm annually.

Pame-pokhara - Flickr - thapa.laxman
Pame-pokhara - Flickr - thapa.laxman

This creates a humid subtropical climate with moderate temperatures.

Water plays a massive role in the landscape and local geology. The Seti Gandaki River flows directly through the city. This river and its tributaries have carved deep canyons called gorges. Some of these gorges are hundreds of meters deep. In some places, these canyons are only a few meters wide. In the south, the city borders Phewa Lake, which covers 4.4 square kilometers. A tributary of the Seti Gandaki flows out of this lake. It disappears into an underground gorge at Patale Chhango, also known as Davis Falls.

Fewa lake,Pokhara
Fewa lake,Pokhara

The porous underground also allows for the formation of several caves.

The history of the valley reveals a landscape shaped by powerful natural forces. Researchers used radiocarbon dating to study alluvial deposits. They found evidence of large medieval earthquakes in 1000, 1255, and 1344 AD. The area also shows signs of massive ancient floods. These megafloods likely came from the Sabche Cirque in the Annapurna range. A 2023 study by French scientists looked at a massive landslide. They estimated that around 1190 AD, a landslide removed 23 cubic kilometers of material. This event occurred at Annapurna IV, which is now 7,525 meters high. This landslide sent material toward the area where Pokhara was later built.

Human history in Pokhara is tied to ancient trade and local kingdoms. The city lies on an old trading route between China and India. It also connected Kathmandu to Jumla and Tibet. In the 17th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Kaski. This was one of the Chaubisi rajya, or 24 Kingdoms of Nepal. In 1786, Prithvi Narayan Shah added Pokhara to the Gorkha Kingdom. This helped form the modern Kingdom of Nepal. The first settlement is thought to have started in the mid-14th century. The King of Kaski established a winter capital at Batulechaur during this time.

The population of Pokhara is highly diverse in terms of ethnicity and religion. Most residents belong to the Khas, Gurung, or Magar communities. The Gurung and Magar groups often live in the surrounding hills. There is also a significant Newari population. The city is home to many Tibetan exiles who live in four settlements. These include Jampaling, Paljorling, Tashi Ling, and Tashi Palkhel. These settlements feature unique architecture, including gompas and chortens.

BegnasLake
BegnasLake

Religion is also diverse, with 82.4% identifying as Hindu and 13.2% as Buddhist. Many temples serve both Hindu and Buddhist worshippers.

Today, the economy of Pokhara has changed through rapid urbanization. Since the 1990s, the service sector has overtaken traditional agriculture. Tourism is a primary economic driver. Many trekkers use the city as a base for the Annapurna Circuit. This trek goes through the Annapurna Conservation Area. Manufacturing and remittances also contribute to the economy. Tourism, services, and manufacturing together account for about 58% of the economy. Remittances make up about 20%, while agriculture provides nearly 16%.

International mountain museum pokhara hall
International mountain museum pokhara hall

The city also utilizes its rivers for hydroelectric power. Several power plants, such as the Fewa Hydropower Station, operate in the region.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Pokhara and Phewa Lake.jpg
Pokhara and Phewa Lake.jpg
File:Pame-pokhara - Flickr - thapa.laxman.jpg
Pame-pokhara - Flickr - thapa.laxman.jpg
File:Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan Map.jpg
Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan Map.jpg
File:Fewa lake,Pokhara.jpg
Fewa lake,Pokhara.jpg
File:International_mountain_museum_pokhara_hall.jpg
International_mountain_museum_pokhara_hall.jpg
File:BegnasLake.jpg
BegnasLake.jpg
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