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Joseph Jenkins Roberts

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Joseph Jenkins Roberts was a central figure in the history of Liberia.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts 1846
Joseph Jenkins Roberts 1846

He was a merchant, a diplomat, and a statesman. Most notably, he served as the first president of the Republic of Liberia. He was also the seventh president of the nation. Roberts was the first person of African descent to govern the country. His leadership helped Liberia transition from a colony to an independent nation. His life reflects the complex history of the 19th century.

Roberts was born free in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1809.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts 2
Joseph Jenkins Roberts 2

His mother, Amelia, was a woman of African descent. His stepfather, James Roberts, was a free man of color. James owned a boating business on the James River. As a young boy, Joseph worked on flatboats in this family business. He also worked as an apprentice in a barber shop. The owner, William Colson, was a highly educated man. Colson allowed Roberts to use his private library. This access to books provided Joseph with a vital early education.

In 1829, Roberts emigrated to the West African coast.

Home joseph roberts
Home joseph roberts

He joined the American Colonization Society in their effort to create a colony. He traveled on a ship named the Harriet. He moved with his mother and five of his siblings. The journey was part of a larger movement of people from Virginia. Life in the new colony of Liberia was very difficult. Many settlers died from various diseases. Roberts faced great personal loss when his wife and infant child died during their first year. He later married Jane Rose Waring in 1836.

Roberts built a successful career in trade and local government. He and his friend William Colson formed a firm called Roberts, Colson, & Company. This business exported ivory, camwood, and palm products to the United States. He also traded American goods in Monrovia. His political rise was steady. He became a high sheriff in 1833. In 1839, he was named vice governor. By 1841, he became the first African-American governor of the colony. He eventually helped lead the movement for full independence.

Liberia declared its independence on July 26, 1847.

Former Executive Mansion in downtown Monrovia
Former Executive Mansion in downtown Monrovia

Roberts was elected as the first president in October 1847. He was sworn into office on January 3, 1848. His first presidency lasted until 1856. During this time, he worked to gain international recognition for Liberia. He traveled to Europe to meet leaders like Queen Victoria. The United Kingdom became the first nation to recognize Liberia. Many other nations, including France and Brazil, followed. However, the United States did not recognize Liberia until 1862.

Between his terms in office, Roberts focused on education and military service. He served as a major general in the Liberian Army for fifteen years. In 1862, he co-founded Liberia College in Monrovia.

Roberts Painting
Roberts Painting

He served as its first president. He traveled to the United States to raise funds for the school. He also taught courses in jurisprudence and international law. Roberts returned to the presidency in 1872 after a period of political instability. He served until his death in 1876.

Roberts left a lasting legacy in West Africa.

10Dollars-Liberia
10Dollars-Liberia

He was a skilled diplomat who navigated complex international laws. He worked to expand Liberia's borders and manage relations with indigenous groups. His efforts helped establish the foundations of the Liberian state. In his will, he left $10,000 and his estate to the educational system. He died on February 24, 1876. He is buried in Palm Grove Cemetery in Monrovia. His image remains a symbol of Liberian history on the nation's ten dollar bill.

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File:Joseph Jenkins Roberts 2.jpg
Joseph Jenkins Roberts 2.jpg
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Joseph Jenkins Roberts 1846.png
File:Former Executive Mansion in downtown Monrovia.jpg
Former Executive Mansion in downtown Monrovia.jpg
File:Home joseph roberts.jpg
Home joseph roberts.jpg
File:Roberts Painting.png
Roberts Painting.png
File:10Dollars-Liberia.jpg
10Dollars-Liberia.jpg
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