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John Lewis

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John Robert Lewis was a prominent American civil rights activist and a dedicated statesman.

John Lewis official biopic
John Lewis official biopic

He spent decades fighting for racial equality and justice in the United States. Lewis was a key figure in the movement to end legalized racial segregation. Segregation was a system of laws that kept Black and white people separate. He also served as a long-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives. His life was defined by a commitment to nonviolence and social change. He often spoke about the importance of engaging in "good trouble" to achieve progress.

Lewis was born on February 21, 1940, near Troy, Alabama.

John Lewis 1964-04-16 (cropped)
John Lewis 1964-04-16 (cropped)

He was the third of ten children born to Willie Mae and Eddie Lewis. His parents worked as sharecroppers in rural Pike County. Growing up in a very poor household, Lewis had few books to read. He attended a Rosenwald School, which was a small building supported by the local community. As a young boy, he developed a love for reading and a desire to preach. He even practiced preaching to his family's chickens on the farm.

His early life was shaped by the reality of segregation in the South. At age six, he had seen only two white people in his entire life. In 1956, he was denied a library card because the library was for whites only. This experience of racism became more obvious when he visited Buffalo, New York, at age 11. In the North, he saw that schools and businesses were integrated. These differences made him acutely aware of the unfairness in Alabama. He began to follow leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. through the radio.

As a student, Lewis became a dedicated activist through the Nashville Student Movement. He participated in sit-ins at segregated lunch counters to protest unfair treatment. These nonviolent actions eventually helped desegregate downtown lunch counters in Nashville. Lewis also attended workshops on the philosophy of nonviolence. These sessions were led by Reverend James Lawson and Reverend Kelly Miller Smith. Through these studies, he learned to use peaceful discipline to face injustice. He was arrested 24 times during his early years of activism.

In 1961, Lewis became one of the 13 original Freedom Riders.

Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders of the march) - NARA - 542056
Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders of the march) - NARA - 542056

The group rode interstate buses to challenge illegal segregation in the South. This project aimed to force the government to follow Supreme Court decisions. The riders faced extreme violence from angry mobs in South Carolina and Alabama. At age 21, Lewis was the first Freedom Rider to be assaulted in Rock Hill. He was also attacked in Montgomery and left unconscious at a bus station. Despite the danger, he remained determined to reach his goals.

Lewis rose to national prominence as the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

John Lewis 1964-04-16 (cropped)
John Lewis 1964-04-16 (cropped)

He was also one of the "Big Six" leaders who organized the 1963 March on Washington. During this event, Lewis was the fourth of 12 speakers. He spoke before Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. Lewis used his speech to criticize the Kennedy administration's civil rights bill. He argued the bill did not do enough to protect people from police brutality. His speech was a significant moment of criticism within the movement.

In 1965, Lewis led the first of three marches from Selma to Montgomery. This march crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge, where marchers were attacked by state troopers. This event became known as "Bloody Sunday." Following his years of activism, Lewis entered politics. He was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1986. He represented a district that included most of Atlanta, Georgia. He served 17 terms in Congress until his death on July 17, 2020.

President Barack Obama awards the 2010 Presidential Medal of Freedom to Congressman John Lewis
President Barack Obama awards the 2010 Presidential Medal of Freedom to Congressman John Lewis

Throughout his long career, Lewis held many leadership roles in the Democratic Party. He served as a chief deputy whip and a senior chief deputy whip. Because of his many years in office, he was the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. He received many honors for his work and courage. In 2011, President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom. This is the highest civilian honor in the United States. His life remains a major example of how one person can influence a nation's laws and culture.

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JFK meets with leaders of March on...
File:Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders of the march) - NARA - 542056.jpg
Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C....
File:John Lewis 1964-04-16 (cropped).jpg
John Lewis 1964-04-16 (cropped).jpg
File:President Jimmy Carter and John Lewis.jpg
President Jimmy Carter and John Lewis.jpg
File:President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan greet John Lewis.jpg
President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan...
File:1986 United States House of Representative Democratic Primary Runoff Election in Georgia's 5th Congressional District.svg
1986 United States House of...
File:John Lewis official biopic.jpg
John Lewis official biopic.jpg
File:John Lewis DNC 2008 (cropped2).jpg
John Lewis DNC 2008 (cropped2).jpg
File:US House Democrats assume floor and begin 22 June 2016 sit in.png
US House Democrats assume floor and begin...
File:Atlanta Womens March John Lewis.jpg
Atlanta Womens March John Lewis.jpg
File:Barack Obama hugs John Lewis, 2015.jpg
Barack Obama hugs John Lewis, 2015.jpg
File:11.7.13JohnLewisByLuigiNovi14.jpg
11.7.13JohnLewisByLuigiNovi14.jpg

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