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Joe Masseria

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Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria was a prominent figure in the New York City underworld. He served as the leader of what is now known as the Genovese crime family. This organization became one of the famous Five Families of the New York Mafia. Masseria held his position as boss from 1922 until his death in 1931. His life was defined by a constant struggle for power and control over criminal activities. He was a central figure in the complex social structures of organized crime during the early 20th century.

Masseria's journey began in Sicily, where he was born on January 17, 1886. He grew up in Menfi, a town in the Province of Agrigento. His family worked as tailors, a traditional trade. After spending time in Marsala, he immigrated to the United States in 1902. Once in New York, he joined the Morello crime family. This group operated primarily in Harlem and parts of Little Italy in southern Manhattan. He worked alongside other notable figures like Gaetano Reina during this early period.

His rise to prominence involved several violent encounters with rivals. In the early 1920s, Masseria fought for power against boss Salvatore D'Aquila. In 1922, an assassin named Umberto Valenti attempted to kill him on 2nd Avenue. Masseria survived a drive-by shooting by ducking into a store. Police later found him in an upstairs bedroom, dazed and shell-shocked. He was still wearing a straw hat that had two bullet holes in it. This survival earned him the reputation of "the man who can dodge bullets." This event helped his status rise while D'Aquila's influence began to fade.

By the winter of 1930, Masseria had reached the top position of capo dei capi. This title means he was considered the boss of all the bosses. He used this authority to demand monetary tributes from other mafia gangs. This aggressive behavior caused significant tension within the criminal community. He was accused of orchestrating the murders of Gaspar Milazzo in Detroit and Gaetano Reina in the Bronx. These actions set the stage for a massive conflict known as the Castellammarese War. This war lasted from 1930 until 1931.

The Castellammarese War was a struggle between two major factions. Masseria led a group emerging from the old Morello family. He relied on Giuseppe Morello as his war chief and strategic adviser. His primary rivals were a Brooklyn-based group led by Salvatore Maranzano and Joseph Bonanno. The conflict was characterized by intense violence and shifting alliances. One major loss for Masseria was the death of Morello in August 1930. Morello was killed while he was collecting cash receipts at his office in East Harlem.

Masseria's downfall was caused by a betrayal from within his own ranks. Charles "Lucky" Luciano had originally been one of Masseria's gunmen. However, Luciano entered into a secret agreement with the rival leader, Maranzano. Luciano aimed to take over Masseria's criminal rackets in exchange for becoming Maranzano's second-in-command. Masseria suspected the betrayal and tried to contact Joe Adonis to plan a strike against Luciano. Instead, Adonis warned Luciano about the plot. This decision ultimately sealed Masseria's fate.

The end of Masseria's life occurred on April 15, 1931. Luciano lured him to a restaurant called Nuova Villa Tammaro on Coney Island. While the men were playing cards, a group of gunmen opened fire. Reports suggest the gunmen included figures like Albert Anastasia and Vito Genovese. Masseria was shot in the head, back, and chest. He died at the restaurant, having eaten nothing that day. Although several men were seen leaving the scene in a stolen car, no one was ever convicted of the murder. Luciano maintained an alibi, and the police investigation eventually went cold. Masseria is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York.

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