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Frank Costello

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Frank Costello was a prominent Italian-American crime boss of the Luciano crime family.

Frank Costello 1964
Frank Costello 1964

Born Francesco Castiglia on January 26, 1891, in Calabria, Italy, he immigrated to the United States in 1895. His family joined his father in East Harlem, New York. As a teenager, he joined local gangs and adopted the name "Frankie." His early life included several arrests for assault and robbery. He married Loretta "Bobbie" Geigerman in 1914. Throughout his life, Costello rose to become a central figure in the American underworld.

Costello's criminal career was defined by his powerful alliance with Charlie "Lucky" Luciano.

The two men became partners while working for the Morello gang. They expanded their reach through various illegal activities, including robbery, extortion, and gambling. During Prohibition, which began in 1920, they engaged in bootlegging. This business was supported by the financier Arnold "the Brain" Rothstein. In 1929, Costello and Luciano joined the National Crime Syndicate. This organization was created to prevent violent turf wars between different criminal groups.

In the late 1920s, Costello was involved in a group known as "The Combine." This was a rum-running operation involving Irish crime bosses in Hell's Kitchen. The group's largest boats could carry 20,000 cases of liquor. It is believed Costello may have changed his surname to the Irish "Costello" during this time. Competition between different factions led to the "Manhattan Beer Wars." These conflicts eventually disrupted the alliance between Costello, Madden, and Schultz. Despite these struggles, Costello remained a key player in the shifting landscape of organized crime.

Following the Castellammarese War in 1931, the structure of the underworld changed significantly. Luciano orchestrated the deaths of rival bosses Joe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano. After these events, Luciano became the leader of the new Luciano crime family. He appointed Costello as the consigliere, which is a high-ranking advisor.

Frank Costello 1964
Frank Costello 1964

As consigliere, Costello became one of the family's most successful earners. He managed slot machine and bookmaking operations. He placed approximately 25,000 slot machines in locations like bars, gas stations, and bus stops. He also expanded his slot machine business into Louisiana, generating millions of dollars in profit.

Costello's influence extended deep into the political world of New York City. He maintained strong connections with leaders in Tammany Hall, a powerful political machine. He used these relationships to secure favors from politicians and judges. This political leverage helped him assist other crime families when they needed help. However, these ties were eventually scrutinized by the government. In 1951, the Kefauver Committee held Senate hearings to investigate organized crime. Costello testified but refused to answer many questions. This led to his conviction for contempt of the Senate and an 18-month prison sentence.

Internal conflicts within the crime family also shaped Costello's later years. While Luciano was imprisoned in 1936, Costello became the acting boss of the family in 1937. He faced significant pressure from Vito Genovese, who wanted to control the organization.

Vito Genovese
Vito Genovese

Genovese eventually became a major rival. The government also targeted Costello's finances. He was indicted for evading $73,417 in income taxes between 1946 and 1949. This amount is equivalent to roughly $870,113 in 2024 dollars. He was sentenced to five years in prison for this crime.

Costello's criminal career ended following a violent attempt on his life. In 1956, his powerful ally Albert Anastasia was lost to the organization. This left Costello more vulnerable to his rival, Vito Genovese. Genovese ordered an assassination attempt against Costello. Although he survived the attack, the event prompted his retirement in 1957. He spent his final years away from the underworld. Frank Costello died on February 18, 1973. His life serves as a major example of the intersection between organized crime and political systems in the 20th century.

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File:Lucky Luciano mugshot.jpg
Lucky Luciano mugshot.jpg
File:Vito Genovese.jpg
Vito Genovese.jpg
File:Frank Costello 1964.jpg
Frank Costello 1964.jpg
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