Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
⚛️

Iron

physical science Maturity 7-9 Vital Level 3 Next article →

{

"text": "Iron is a fundamental chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a transition metal located in group 8 of the periodic table. On our planet, iron is the most common element by mass. Much of the Earth's mass is concentrated in the outer and inner core, which are composed largely of iron.

Widmanstatten hand
Widmanstatten hand

It is also the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Because of its strength and low cost, iron is the foundation of modern industry.

Iron Pillar, Delhi, May 2008
Iron Pillar, Delhi, May 2008

\n\nIn its pure metallic state, iron has a smooth, silvery-gray surface that can look like a mirror. However, iron is highly reactive when it meets oxygen and water. This reaction produces hydrated iron oxides, which we commonly call rust.

Iron(II)-sulfate-heptahydrate-sample
Iron(II)-sulfate-heptahydrate-sample

Unlike the protective layers that form on some other metals, rust is quite destructive. Rust occupies more volume than the original metal it replaces. As a result, the rust flakes off the surface. This flaking process exposes fresh metal underneath, allowing corrosion to continue deeper into the material.\n\n

177 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (26)
File:Iron-alpha-pV.svg
Iron-alpha-pV.svg
File:Pure iron phase diagram (EN).svg
Pure iron phase diagram (EN).svg
File:Magnetization curves.svg
Magnetization curves.svg
File:Ironattenuation.PNG
Ironattenuation.PNG
File:Widmanstatten hand.jpg
Widmanstatten hand.jpg
File:Roussillon_sentier_des_ocres2.JPG
Roussillon_sentier_des_ocres2.JPG
File:Outcropping banded iron formation - panoramio.jpg
Outcropping banded iron formation - panoramio.jpg
File:Pourbaix Diagram of Iron.svg
Pourbaix Diagram of Iron.svg
File:Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate.jpg
Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate.jpg
File:Ferrate_and_permanganate_solution.jpg
Ferrate_and_permanganate_solution.jpg
File:Iron(II)-sulfate-heptahydrate-sample.jpg
Iron(II)-sulfate-heptahydrate-sample.jpg
File:2-isomers-of-ferrioxalate.svg
2-isomers-of-ferrioxalate.svg

+ 14 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.