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Internet

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The Internet is a huge global system of connected computer networks.

Internet Connectivity Distribution & Core
Internet Connectivity Distribution & Core

It is often called a network of networks. This system links many different types of groups together. These include private homes, schools, businesses, and even governments. They stay connected using wires, wireless signals, or even light through glass cables. This massive system carries many different services for us to use. We use it for email, video streaming, and even online shopping.

World map of submarine cables
World map of submarine cables

To make this work, computers follow a set of rules. These rules are called the Internet protocol suite, or TCP/IP. This suite helps different devices talk to each other clearly. One key part of this is called packet switching. This is a way to send data in small pieces.

UDP encapsulation
UDP encapsulation

These pieces travel along different paths to reach their goal. Once they arrive, they are put back together correctly. This way, information moves smoothly between many different networks. This process allows us to share files and talk to friends instantly.

Scientists began working on these ideas in the 1960s.

A sketch of the ARPANET in December 1969
A sketch of the ARPANET in December 1969

Researchers wanted to find better ways to share computer resources. A group called DARPA helped lead this important work. They worked with universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. In 1969, a network called ARPANET connected two main sites. These were at UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute. By the end of 1971, fifteen different sites were joined together. This was the very beginning of our modern connected world.

Many important people helped build the tools we use today.

First Web Server
First Web Server

In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn proposed new ways for networks to talk. Later, Tim Berners-Lee changed everything in 1990. He built the first web browser and the first web server. This created the World Wide Web, which is the collection of web pages we see. The Internet also has special groups that help it run. An organization called ICANN manages names and addresses on the web. Another group called the IETF helps set the technical standards.

Today, the Internet is part of almost everything we do. It has changed how we use the telephone, radio, and even paper mail. We can now visit stores online from our own homes.

Share of individuals using the internet
Share of individuals using the internet

We can also use video calls to see people far away. The system keeps growing faster and faster every year. In 2006, it was even named one of the New Seven Wonders. It connects billions of people across the entire planet. It is a wonderful way for the whole world to share knowledge.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:A sketch of the ARPANET in December 1969.png
A sketch of the ARPANET in December 1969.png
File:NSFNET-backbone-T3.png
NSFNET-backbone-T3.png
File:Number of mobile cellular subscriptions 2012-2016.svg
Number of mobile cellular subscriptions...
File:Graph depicting share of the population using the Internet.png
Graph depicting share of the population...
File:Internet users for 100 people by GDP per capita.svg
Internet users for 100 people by GDP per...
File:Internet users per 100 inhabitants ITU.svg
Internet users per 100 inhabitants ITU.svg
File:Share_of_individuals_using_the_internet.png
Share_of_individuals_using_the_internet.png
File:FixedBroadbandInternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg
FixedBroadbandInternetPenetrationWorldMap.svg
File:MobileBroadbandInternetPenetrationWorldMap 2013.svg
MobileBroadbandInternetPenetrationWorldMap...
File:Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg
Thai-coup-detat-2014-social-media-banner.jpg
File:First Web Server.jpg
First Web Server.jpg
File:Icannheadquartersplayavista.jpg
Icannheadquartersplayavista.jpg

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