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Insect

life science Maturity 5-7 Vital Level 3 Next article →

Insects are a huge and diverse group of animals.

Eukaryote species pie tree
Eukaryote species pie tree

They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Scientists have described more than one million different species.

This means insects represent more than half of all animal species. They live on every continent and in almost every habitat. Some live in the freezing Arctic. Others live in very hot places like the Sonoran Desert.

An insect has a very specific way it works. Its body has three main parts: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen.

Stick insect line diagram
Stick insect line diagram

They have a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton. This shell is made of a material called chitin. Because this shell cannot stretch, insects must molt to grow. They shed their old shell to make room for a bigger one. Most insects breathe through tiny openings along their sides. These openings connect to small tubes that carry air to their tissues.

Campodea spec. (Campodeidae), Elst (Gld), the Netherlands (cropped)
Campodea spec. (Campodeidae), Elst (Gld), the Netherlands (cropped)

We have learned about insects for a very long time. The Greek thinker Aristotle was one of the first to describe them. He saw them as a distinct group of animals. Later, Carl Linnaeus divided the animal kingdom into classes in 1758. He created seven different orders based on how insect wings look.

Illustrations of Exotic Entomology II 47 ('LIBELLULA AXILENA')
Illustrations of Exotic Entomology II 47 ('LIBELLULA AXILENA')

The word insect comes from the Latin word for "cut up." This is because their bodies look like they are cut into three pieces. The name was introduced by Pliny the Elder.

Insects have a very long history on Earth. Fossilized insects from the Paleozoic Era were sometimes enormous. Some giant dragonfly-like insects had huge wingspans.

Scorpionfly (white background)
Scorpionfly (white background)

The oldest known flying insects lived about 328 to 324 million years ago. Since then, different groups have become very successful. Beetles began to thrive about 300 million years ago. Flies appeared about 250 million years ago. Moths and wasps became common about 150 million years ago.

European wasp white bg
European wasp white bg

Insects are linked to many things we see every day. Many insects are pollinators. This means they help flowering plants reproduce. Some insects are even used as food by 80% of the world's nations.

Gryllidae usda
Gryllidae usda

Humans have even raised some insects for a long time. We use silkworms to make silk. We also keep honey bees to get honey. Some insects can even live in large colonies. Bees, ants, and termites all live together in organized groups.

Earwig on white background
Earwig on white background
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🖼️ Images & Media (51)
Insect world of motion.webm
File:Eukaryote species pie tree.png
Eukaryote species pie tree.png
File:Orchesella cincta (43480678534) (cropped).jpg
Orchesella cincta (43480678534) (cropped).jpg
File:Protura.png
Protura.png
File:Campodea spec. (Campodeidae), Elst (Gld), the Netherlands (cropped).jpg
Campodea spec. (Campodeidae), Elst (Gld),...
File:Scorpionfly (white background).jpg
Scorpionfly (white background).jpg
File:Arch-borstehale (white background).png
Arch-borstehale (white background).png
File:Silverfish 2007-2 (white background).jpg
Silverfish 2007-2 (white background).jpg
File:Illustrations of Exotic Entomology II 47 ('LIBELLULA AXILENA').jpg
Illustrations of Exotic Entomology II 47...
File:Isonychia sicca.jpeg
Isonychia sicca.jpeg
File:Zorotypus guineensis (white background).jpg
Zorotypus guineensis (white background).jpg
File:Earwig on white background.jpg
Earwig on white background.jpg

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