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Human–animal breastfeeding

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Human-animal breastfeeding describes a practice where humans and other species exchange milk. This occurrence happens in two directions. Sometimes, women nurse young animals like puppies, kittens, or piglets. Other times, animals serve as substitute wet nurses for human infants.

Cuban Wet Nurse - Curt Teich 1903
Cuban Wet Nurse - Curt Teich 1903

A wet nurse is a person or animal that provides milk to a child. This practice has appeared in many cultures across various time periods. It often serves practical, economic, or religious purposes. It also appears frequently in ancient mythology and historical legends.

The mechanism of direct suckling was often preferred over milking animals. In many historical settings, milking an animal created risks of contamination. Microbes could enter the milk during the milking process. This contamination often led to deadly diarrheal diseases in infants. Direct suckling allowed the infant to receive milk straight from the animal. This method became more reliable only after the 1870s. During that time, the invention of pasteurisation and sterilisation made stored milk safer.

Direct udder nursing 1895
Direct udder nursing 1895

Before these scientific advances, direct contact was a primary way to ensure nutrition.

Different animals were chosen for specific roles based on local needs. In 18th and 19th-century Europe, foundling hospitals used goats and donkeys. These animals were often easier and cheaper to obtain than human wet nurses. In England, donkeys were a common choice for feeding abandoned babies. In France, large numbers of goats were kept in hospitals to feed infants. Some institutions required nurses to carry infants to the animals. Other places allowed the goats to walk to the infants' cribs.

Direct udder nursing 1895
Direct udder nursing 1895

This variety shows how humans adapted to their specific environments.

History shows that this practice was deeply tied to medical beliefs. In the 18th and 19th centuries, goats were used to treat congenital syphilis. Doctors would give liquid mercury compounds to the nanny goats. This could be done by feeding the goat the medicine directly. It could also be done by applying mercury ointment to a wound on the goat's leg. The mercury would then accumulate in the goat's milk. When the infant suckled the goat, they received the medicine. This method sometimes improved mortality rates, though the goats often died from mercury poisoning.

Mythology uses animal suckling to explain the greatness of famous figures. The most famous example is Romulus and Remus. These twin brothers were said to be raised by a she-wolf.

Romulus-Remus
Romulus-Remus

The Greek god Zeus was also said to have been raised by the goat Amalthea. Historical figures like Cyrus I of Persia were claimed to have been suckled by a dog. Even mares were said to have suckled leaders like Xerxes. These stories were likely forms of myth-making. They used the idea of animal nursing to prove a leader's divine or extraordinary nature.

People also believed that milk could transmit specific character traits. This concept suggests that an animal's qualities move into the nursing creature. The scientist Carl Linnaeus believed lioness milk conferred great courage. In modern Egypt, people feared donkey milk might cause stupidity or obstinacy. In 19th-century France, laws were even proposed regarding human milk. Some believed that a mother's immoral traits could be passed to her child through nursing.

Bear suckling child
Bear suckling child

These beliefs show how deeply people linked biology with personality.

Today, researchers categorize the motivations for human-animal breastfeeding into four groups. The most common reason is the affectionate nursing of family pets. The second is economic, such as saving an animal to use for meat or medicine. The third category involves ceremonial or religious reasons. For example, the Ainu people in Japan held festivals involving bears raised by women. The fourth and least common reason is for the mother's own health. This includes using animals to relieve pain or manage breast engorgement.

These diverse reasons show the complex connection between humans and the animal kingdom.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Cuban Wet Nurse - Curt Teich 1903.jpg
Cuban Wet Nurse - Curt Teich 1903.jpg
File:Romulus-Remus.jpg
Romulus-Remus.jpg
File:Bear suckling child.jpg
Bear suckling child.jpg
File:Direct udder nursing 1895.jpg
Direct udder nursing 1895.jpg
File:A woman breast feeding two puppies whilst two Mexican peasan Wellcome L0014578.jpg
A woman breast feeding two puppies whilst...
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