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Hula hoop

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A hula hoop is a circular toy used for twirling around the waist, limbs, or neck.

People also use hoops for hoop rolling, which involves guiding the hoop along the ground like a wheel. This activity requires careful execution and practice. While many people think hoops are a modern invention, they have been used by humans since at least 500 BC. Today, the activity has evolved from a simple childhood pastime into various forms of art and fitness.

Zambian Kids recreation time 12
Zambian Kids recreation time 12

Traditional hoops were crafted from natural, flexible materials. Makers used dried willow, rattan, grapevines, or stiff grasses to create the rings. Rattan is a particularly useful material because it is both strong and flexible. In the Native American Hoop Dance, these hoops serve as essential props for storytelling. A solo dancer uses multiple hoops to create both static and dynamic shapes. These shapes represent various animals, symbols, and specific elements of a story.

Balancing a guitar & hula hoop
Balancing a guitar & hula hoop

The modern era of the hula hoop began with a transition from natural materials to plastic. In the 1950s, Australian children played with bamboo hoops during sports classes. This led to a demand that outstripped supply, prompting the Australian company Toltoys to begin mass production. In 1957, founder Alex Tolmer used polyethylene to create hoops. Polyethylene was a significant improvement because it was stronger and less brittle than earlier plastics. Toltoys successfully sold 400,000 plastic hoops in Australia during that single year.

The name "hula hoop" was coined by Joan Anderson. While visiting Australia, she observed children twirling bamboo hoops and noticed the hip movements resembled the Hawaiian hula dance. She introduced the concept and the name to the Wham-O toy company in the United States. Wham-O popularized the plastic version in 1958, sparking a massive global fad. The company's marketing was incredibly successful. They sold 25 million plastic hoops in less than four months. Within two years, total sales exceeded 100 million units.

History shows that hoop crazes have appeared many times before the 1950s. Author Charles Panati recorded a craze involving wooden and metal hoops in 14th-century England. During that time, some people even suffered injuries like dislocated backs or heart failure from hooping. Even the world's oldest toy store, Hamleys, was selling hoops in London as early as 1760. In 1957, a similar craze appeared in the Norwegian town of Steinkjer. There, children used large cane rings called "rock-rings" or "wiggle-rock" after seeing ring jugglers at a circus.

Modern hooping has expanded into specialized disciplines like hoopdance and circus performance.

Fire Gypsy performing with a fire hula hoop
Fire Gypsy performing with a fire hula hoop

Performers now use advanced materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene tubing, often called polypro. The weight and size of these hoops change how they are used. Heavier hoops, which can weigh between 1.5 and 8 pounds, are often used for fitness or by beginners. Lighter, thinner tubing is preferred for quick hand tricks. Some modern hoops even feature LED lighting or "Smart Hoop" technology that can be controlled by a mobile device.

There are many different ways to move a hoop today. Performers use "on body" moves, such as leg hooping, and "off body" moves. They also practice techniques like isolations, breaks, and double hooping. Some extreme performers use fire hooping, where metal spokes tipped with kevlar wicks are soaked in fuel and ignited. For those interested in fitness, weighted hoops are used in weight loss routines. This variety ensures that hooping remains a vibrant part of global culture, from festivals to rhythmic gymnastics.

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Balancing a guitar & hula hoop.JPG
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File:Zambian Kids recreation time 12.jpg
Zambian Kids recreation time 12.jpg
File:Fire Gypsy performing with a fire hula hoop.jpg
Fire Gypsy performing with a fire hula hoop.jpg
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