Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Herman Melville

arts Maturity 9-11 death dying war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying, war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Herman Melville was a prominent American writer during the American Renaissance.

Herman Melville 1860
Herman Melville 1860

He is most famous for his 1851 novel, Moby-Dick. This work is now considered one of the Great American Novels. Melville also wrote adventure stories like Typee and its sequel, Omoo. These books were based on his personal encounters with people in Polynesia.

Herman Melville, ca. 1846-1847
Herman Melville, ca. 1846-1847

While he is a literary giant today, he was not well known to the public at the time of his death in 1891. A major revival of his reputation began in 1919. This occurred during the centennial of his birth.

Melville's early life was marked by a dramatic shift in social status. He was born in New York City on August 1, 1819. His father, Allan Melvill, was a prosperous merchant who traveled to Europe. The family lived an opulent life in the 1820s. They lived in elegant quarters on Broadway and employed several servants.

Melville New York Home
Melville New York Home

However, Allan lived beyond his means. He borrowed large sums of money from family members. By 1830, the family faced severe financial problems. Allan died in January 1832 after suffering from delirium. This death left the family in dire financial straits.

To support his family, Melville entered the workforce at a young age. He first worked as a clerk at a bank for $150 a year.

Herman Melville profile
Herman Melville profile

Later, he took a job in a cap and fur store. Eventually, he turned to the sea to find new opportunities. In 1839, he served as a common sailor on the merchant ship St. Lawrence. In 1841, he joined the whaling ship Acushnet. During his time in the Marquesas Islands, he jumped ship. These maritime experiences provided the raw material for his future writing.

Melville's literary career moved through several distinct stages. His first major success came with Typee, a romanticized account of his Polynesian travels. This success provided the financial security needed to marry Elizabeth Shaw. He then wrote Redburn and White-Jacket. These tales were based on his experiences as a well-born young man at sea. However, his ambitions grew more complex over time. He wrote the psychological novel Pierre, but critics scorned it. He also published short fiction like "Benito Cereno" and "Bartleby, the Scrivener" between 1853 and 1856.

As he aged, Melville's creative focus shifted toward poetry. After traveling to England and the Near East, he published his last prose work, The Confidence-Man, in 1857. He later moved to New York City and worked as a United States customs inspector.

Herman Melville 1860
Herman Melville 1860

In this later period, he used his creative energy for verse. He wrote Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War in 1866. These poems reflected on the moral questions of the American Civil War. He also wrote a metaphysical epic titled Clarel in 1876.

Melville’s personal life included significant family connections and tragedies. He was the third of eight children. He took great pride in his "double revolutionary descent." His maternal grandfather, General Peter Gansevoort, defended Fort Stanwix in 1777. His paternal grandfather, Major Thomas Melvill, participated in the Boston Tea Party.

Herman Melville 1885
Herman Melville 1885

Sadly, his later years were marked by loss. His eldest son, Malcolm, died in 1867. His son Stanwix died in 1886 from apparent tuberculosis. These events led Melville to retire from public life.

Melville's legacy is defined by both his completed masterpieces and his unfinished works. He died from cardiovascular disease in 1891.

Herman Melville Headstone 1024
Herman Melville Headstone 1024

At the time of his death, the novella Billy Budd remained unfinished. It was eventually published posthumously in 1924. His life serves as a bridge between the adventurous maritime world and the deep psychological inquiry of modern literature. His journey from a clerk to a master of the American Renaissance continues to influence readers today.

617 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Richard Tobias Greene.jpg
Richard Tobias Greene.jpg
File:Melville's Desertion from the Acushnet.png
Melville's Desertion from the Acushnet.png
File:Elizabeth Shaw Melville.jpg
Elizabeth Shaw Melville.jpg
File:Arrowhead farmhouse Herman Melville.jpg
Arrowhead farmhouse Herman Melville.jpg
File:Herman Melville, ca. 1846-1847.jpg
Herman Melville, ca. 1846-1847.jpg
File:View of Mount Greylock from Melville's writing desk.jpg
View of Mount Greylock from Melville's...
File:Herman Melville 1860.jpg
Herman Melville 1860.jpg
File:Herman Melville 1885.jpg
Herman Melville 1885.jpg
File:Melville obit.jpg
Melville obit.jpg
File:Herman Melville Headstone 1024.jpg
Herman Melville Headstone 1024.jpg
File:Herman Melville profile.jpg
Herman Melville profile.jpg
File:Herman melville.jpg
Herman melville.jpg

+ 1 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.