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Hell in Christianity

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Many Christians hold different beliefs about a concept called Hell.

Hell-fresco-from-Raduil
Hell-fresco-from-Raduil

Some people believe it is a specific place where people go after they die. Others think it is a state of being separated from God. This happens because of a person's own choices or a final judgment by God. Some thinkers say it is the result of rejecting a connection with the divine. These ideas help explain how different people view life after death.

Hortus Deliciarum - Hell
Hortus Deliciarum - Hell

Christian Bibles use several different words that are often translated as "Hell" in English. One term is Sheol, which appears in the Hebrew Bible. In ancient Jewish belief, Sheol was a place under the ground. It was often described as a dark and silent place of forgetfulness. Another term is Hades, which is found in the New Testament. Many modern Bibles translate Hades as the grave or the realm of the dead. Some groups, like the Jehovah's Witnesses, believe these terms mean a state of being unconscious.

Jheronimus Bosch 115 inner wings
Jheronimus Bosch 115 inner wings

A third important word is Gehenna. This name comes from a real location outside the walls of Jerusalem. The New Testament describes Gehenna as a place involving unquenchable fire. Some passages say it is a place where both the soul and body can be destroyed. This word is often used in the synoptic gospels. There is also a Greek verb, tartarō, which some translations use to mean being thrown down to a lower place.

Brooklyn Museum - The Bad Rich Man in Hell (Le mauvais riche dans l'Enfer) - James Tissot - overall
Brooklyn Museum - The Bad Rich Man in Hell (Le mauvais riche dans l'Enfer) - James Tissot - overall

Different traditions have different ways of understanding these ideas. In the Rabbinic period between 500 and 640 AD, Gehinnom was seen as a place of ultimate punishment. Some early Jewish beliefs suggested Sheol was for everyone, but this changed over time. By the second or third century BC, some ideas included separate parts of Sheol for different people. In the Book of Revelation, there are also mentions of a lake of fire and an abyss. These stories help describe various views of the afterlife.

Eastern Orthodox Christians have a very specific way of looking at this. They do not see Hell as a separate place away from God. Instead, they believe God is present for everyone. For those who love God, His presence feels like joy and paradise. For those who do not, that same presence feels like torment or fire. They describe this as the "scourge of love." To them, the experience depends on how a person responds to God's love.

Depiction of Hell
Depiction of Hell
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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Hell (detail) by Anonymous 16th Century 1 of 2 (582x800).jpg
Hell (detail) by Anonymous 16th Century 1...
File:Hell-fresco-from-Raduil.jpg
Hell-fresco-from-Raduil.jpg
File:Adskoe chudovishe.jpg
Adskoe chudovishe.jpg
File:StJohnClimacus.jpg
StJohnClimacus.jpg
File:Depiction of Hell.jpg
Depiction of Hell.jpg
File:Hortus Deliciarum - Hell.jpg
Hortus Deliciarum - Hell.jpg
File:Jheronimus Bosch 115 inner wings.jpg
Jheronimus Bosch 115 inner wings.jpg
File:Brooklyn Museum - The Bad Rich Man in Hell (Le mauvais riche dans l'Enfer) - James Tissot - overall.jpg
Brooklyn Museum - The Bad Rich Man in...
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