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Harbor

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A harbor is a safe place in the water.

Carry Le Rouet harbour in France
Carry Le Rouet harbour in France

It is a sheltered area where ships and boats can stay. These vessels might include large barges too. People often use the word "port" to talk about harbors. A port is a man-made place built for specific jobs. It is used to load and unload ships. It is also where people get on and off boats. Some places, like Alexandria Port in Egypt, actually have two harbors.

Port of Piraeus Panoramic View
Port of Piraeus Panoramic View

Harbors come in two main types. Some are natural and some are artificial. A natural harbor is made by the land itself. The land surrounds the water on several sides. This helps keep the waves calm inside the area. Many natural harbors are called rias.

PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean
PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean

Artificial harbors are built by people. They might use sea walls or jetties to block waves. Workers might also use a process called dredging. This means they dig out the bottom of the water. This keeps the area deep enough for big ships.

Jebel Ali Port 2 Imresolt
Jebel Ali Port 2 Imresolt

Humans have been building harbors for a very long time. The oldest artificial harbor we know is in Egypt. It is at a site called Wadi al-Jarf. This place is on the Red Sea coast. It is at least 4,500 years old. It was built during the reign of King Khufu. Long ago, the Carthaginians also built special harbors. They called these fortified places "cothons."

harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix
harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix

There are many huge and busy harbors around the world. Jebel Ali in Dubai is the largest artificial harbor. Long Beach Harbor in California is another famous one. It was once just salt marshes and tidal flats. People dredged it in the early 20th century to make it useful. In 2017, the Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan was very busy. It moved the most cargo of any harbor.

Mk Stettin Hafen2
Mk Stettin Hafen2

Some harbors are even found near the North and South Poles. It is very helpful if these stay ice-free. The southernmost harbor is at Winter Quarters Bay in Antarctica. It can be ice-free during the summer months.

Because harbors are so safe, many great cities live near them.

Montevideouruguaynasa
Montevideouruguaynasa

You can find them in many different lands. Sydney Harbour is in Australia. New York Harbor is in the United States.

Lower Manhattan Areal April 2013b
Lower Manhattan Areal April 2013b

You can see them in places like Hong Kong or Italy. Some harbors are very small, like the one in Clovelly, England. Others are huge and part of big oceans. Harbors help the whole world stay connected by water.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Lower Manhattan Areal April 2013b.jpg
Lower Manhattan Areal April 2013b.jpg
File:Jebel Ali Port 2 Imresolt.jpg
Jebel Ali Port 2 Imresolt.jpg
File:Carry Le Rouet harbour in France.jpg
Carry Le Rouet harbour in France.jpg
File:Montevideouruguaynasa.jpg
Montevideouruguaynasa.jpg
File:Capri harbour from Anacapri 2013.jpg
Capri harbour from Anacapri 2013.jpg
File:Koyilandy harbour 03720.jpg
Koyilandy harbour 03720.jpg
File:ANTARA FOTO-Eric Ireng TERMINAL PETIKEMAS SURABAYA.jpg
ANTARA FOTO-Eric Ireng TERMINAL PETIKEMAS...
File:harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix.jpg
harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix.jpg
File:Skillshare, Alter Hafen Lüneburg.jpg
Skillshare, Alter Hafen Lüneburg.jpg
File:Port of Piraeus Panoramic View.JPG
Port of Piraeus Panoramic View.JPG
File:PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg
PortJackson 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg
File:Gorey Harbour at low tide.JPG
Gorey Harbour at low tide.JPG

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