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Hand (unit)

math Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A hand is a special way to measure how tall something is.

Horse-breeding in England and India - and army horses abroad (1906) (14580159299)
Horse-breeding in England and India - and army horses abroad (1906) (14580159299)

Today, this unit is mostly used to measure the height of horses. Many English-speaking countries use it, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. It is also used in Canada, Ireland, and Australia. People often write it as "h" or "hh." The "hh" might stand for "hands high." This measurement helps people understand the size of different horses and ponies.

Measuring a horse is a very specific job. You do not just measure from the head to the ground. Instead, you measure from the ground to the withers. The withers are the highest point of the horse's skeleton.

In some competitions, you can measure a horse with its shoes on. However, in the United Kingdom, the Joint Measurement Board says you must remove the shoes first. You must also prepare the hooves before you start the measurement. This ensures the height is very accurate.

Measuring with body parts is an idea from a long time ago. In Ancient Egypt, people used parts of the human body to measure length.

They used things like the palm or a closed fist. A royal cubit in Egypt was divided into seven palms. Each palm was made of four digits, or fingers. One Egyptian hand was about 94 mm wide. A closed fist was even larger at about 108 mm. These old ways helped people measure things before modern tools existed.

In the United Kingdom, the hand was made official by a law. This was the Horses Act of 1540 by King Henry VIII.

Horse-breeding in England and India - and army horses abroad (1906) (14580159299)
Horse-breeding in England and India - and army horses abroad (1906) (14580159299)

Over time, there was some confusion about different hand measurements. Some books said a hand was three inches. Other books said a hand was four inches. In 1959, the international inch was adopted to help make things standard. Now, one hand is exactly four inches long.

Writing down horse heights uses a tricky math system. It does not use a normal decimal system. Instead, it uses a base 4 system.

Horse-breeding in England and India - and army horses abroad (1906) (14580159299)
Horse-breeding in England and India - and army horses abroad (1906) (14580159299)

This means the numbers after the dot are quarters of a hand. Since one hand is four inches, these numbers are just inches. A horse that is 62 inches tall is 15.2 hands. You would say this as "fifteen-two." This means the horse is 15 hands and two inches tall.

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