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Han van Meegeren

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Han van Meegeren was a Dutch painter and portraitist.

VanMeegeren1945
VanMeegeren1945

He is remembered as one of the most ingenious art forgers of the 20th century. A forger is someone who creates works intended to deceive people into believing they are authentic. Van Meegeren lived from 1889 to 1947. He spent much of his life attempting to establish a career as a legitimate artist. However, many art critics dismissed his original work. This rejection led him to a different path. He decided to prove his talent by creating forgeries of Dutch Golden Age paintings. His ability to fool leading experts turned him into a famous figure after World War II.

Van Meegeren's early life was shaped by his studies and his family.

Meegeren's Rowing Club in Delft -angle B'-
Meegeren's Rowing Club in Delft -angle B'-

He was born in Deventer to a history teacher and a French teacher. His father pressured him to study architecture at the Delft University of Technology. Han studied there from 1907 to 1913. He proved to be a skilled architect during this time. He even designed a boathouse for his rowing club in Delft. However, he did not want to become a professional architect. In 1913, he left his studies to focus on painting in The Hague. He was a talented student and won a gold medal for his drawing of a church interior in 1913.

As a professional painter, Van Meegeren found some success.

Princess Juliana's deer
Princess Juliana's deer

He became a well-known portraitist in the Netherlands. He earned commissions from wealthy socialites in Europe and America. One of his most popular original paintings was titled "Hertje," or "The Deer." This painting of a tame roe deer became quite famous. Despite this success, he faced constant criticism from the art world. Critics argued that he was a gifted technician but lacked originality. They believed his talent was limited to copying the styles of others. This criticism deeply affected him and motivated his next move.

To prove the critics wrong, Van Meegeren developed a complex chemical process.

Evidence against Han van Meegeren - pigments
Evidence against Han van Meegeren - pigments

He moved to a mansion called Primavera in France to perfect his craft. He began by sourcing authentic 17th-century canvases. He mixed his own paints using raw materials like lapis lazuli, indigo, and cinnabar. To make the paint appear hundreds of years old, he used phenol formaldehyde, also known as Bakelite. This substance helped the paint harden quickly. He would first mix paints with lilac oil to prevent color changes. After painting, he would bake the canvas in an oven to harden the surface. He then rolled a cylinder over the painting to create cracks. Finally, he washed the work in India ink to fill those cracks with black.

His most famous deception involved the Dutch master Johannes Vermeer.

EmmausgangersVanMeegeren1937
EmmausgangersVanMeegeren1937

In 1937, he completed a painting titled "The Supper at Emmaus." He used a mediocre 17th-century painting as a base for this work. He modeled the composition after a famous painting by Caravaggio. Leading art historian Abraham Bredius examined the work and declared it a genuine Vermeer. Bredius even called it one of the finest gems of the master's career. The painting was eventually sold for 520,000 guilders. This was a massive sum of money at the time. It was later donated to the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam.

Van Meegeren's life took a dramatic turn during and after World War II.

The Procuress forgery by Han van Meegeren from the Courtauld Gallery
The Procuress forgery by Han van Meegeren from the Courtauld Gallery

During the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, he sold a forged Vermeer to Hermann Göring. After the war ended, Van Meegeren was arrested. He was charged with selling Dutch cultural property to the Nazis. He faced a possible death penalty for his actions. To save himself, he confessed that the painting was a forgery. His confession proved he had successfully fooled the highest authorities. He was convicted and sentenced to one year in prison. He died of two heart attacks less than two months after his release.

History suggests that Van Meegeren's forgeries had a massive financial impact.

VanMeegeren1945
VanMeegeren1945

A biography from 1967 estimated that he duped buyers out of more than US$30 million. His victims included private collectors and even the Dutch government. His career remains a significant study in the history of art and deception. He showed how technical skill can be used to challenge the authority of experts. While he was a criminal in the eyes of the law, his technical ability was undeniable. His story connects the worlds of fine art, chemistry, and historical law.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Meegeren's Rowing Club in Delft -angle B'-.jpg
Meegeren's Rowing Club in Delft -angle B'-.jpg
File:Princess Juliana's deer.jpg
Princess Juliana's deer.jpg
File:Residence Villa Primavera of Han van Meegeren 1932-1938 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Avenue des Cyprès 10, France 1.jpg
Residence Villa Primavera of Han van...
File:EmmausgangersVanMeegeren1937.jpg
EmmausgangersVanMeegeren1937.jpg
File:Das letzte Abendmahl von Han van Meegeren (1939).jpg
Das letzte Abendmahl von Han van Meegeren...
File:VanMeegeren1945.jpg
VanMeegeren1945.jpg
File:Evidence against Han van Meegeren - pigments.jpg
Evidence against Han van Meegeren - pigments.jpg
Van Meegeren's nalatenschap onder de...
File:Van Meegeren signatures.jpg
Van Meegeren signatures.jpg
File:The Procuress forgery by Han van Meegeren from the Courtauld Gallery.jpg
The Procuress forgery by Han van Meegeren...
File:Malle Babbe, Han van Meegeren.jpg
Malle Babbe, Han van Meegeren.jpg
File:Smiling girl (Fake Vermeer).jpg
Smiling girl (Fake Vermeer).jpg

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