Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Arno Breker

arts Maturity 7-9 death dying Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Arno Breker was a prominent German sculptor active throughout the 20th century.

ArnoBrekerDiePartei
ArnoBrekerDiePartei

He is most recognized for his large-scale public works during the era of Nazi Germany. During this time, the government endorsed his work as the opposite of what they called "degenerate art." He held the title of official state sculptor. This position provided him with significant resources and influence. His sculptures often featured a neoclassical style, which draws inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art. This style was used to represent specific political ideals through the human form.

Breker developed his technical skills through a rigorous multi-disciplinary education. He began his studies by focusing on architecture, stone-carving, and anatomy. Understanding anatomy was vital for his goal of depicting the human body accurately. At age 20, he entered the Düsseldorf Academy of Arts. There, he specialized in sculpture under the instruction of Hubert Netzer and Wilhelm Kreis. His training allowed him to master the physical mechanics of shaping materials. He eventually moved to Paris in 1927, which he considered his home.

Breker's artistic development involved complex interactions with the international art community. While in Paris, he established connections with many influential figures. These included the artist Pablo Picasso and the writer Jean Cocteau. He also worked with the art dealer Alfred Flechtheim, who accepted his work quickly. Breker produced many portrait busts, which are small sculptures of a person's head, often made in bronze. He portrayed various notable individuals, such as the artist Isamu Noguchi and Maurice de Vlaminck. In 1932, a prize from the Prussian Ministry of Culture allowed him to study in Rome for one year.

His career reached a turning point when he returned to Germany in 1934. Although some officials like Alfred Rosenberg initially criticized his work, he gained the support of Nazi leaders. Most notably, he maintained personal relationships with Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer. In 1937, Breker joined the Nazi Party. This led to his appointment as the official state sculptor. He was granted a large property and a studio staffed by forty-three assistants.

He was also named one of 378 "Gottbegnadeten," or divinely gifted, artists. This designation exempted him from military service during the war.

Breker's work during the 1930s and 1940s was defined by specific commissions and awards. In 1936, he participated in the Olympic games arts competition in Berlin. He won a silver medal for his statue titled "The Decathlete" (Zehnkämpfer). He also created a piece called "The Victress" (Die Siegerin). His large-scale works, such as "The Party" (Die Partei) and "The Army," were placed at the Reich Chancellery.

ArnoBrekerDiePartei
ArnoBrekerDiePartei

These sculptures used neoclassical themes to match the surrounding architecture. Some historians note that his use of light, dark accents, and muscular tension shows a Mannerist tendency. This refers to a style from 16th-century Italy that emphasizes drama and stylized proportions.

After the fall of the Third Reich in 1945, Breker's professional life underwent significant changes. Approximately 90 percent of his public works were destroyed during the bombings of Germany. In 1948, he was designated a "fellow traveller" of the Nazi Party and was fired from his position. However, he continued to work professionally in West Germany. He returned to Düsseldorf and worked both as a sculptor and an architect. He received commissions from private businesses and individual patrons for portrait busts.

GrabBreker1
GrabBreker1

He even refused a commission from Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, stating that one dictatorship was enough for him.

In his later years, Breker continued to produce works in his established classical style. He created a statue of Pallas Athene and portraits of leaders like Konrad Adenauer. In 1985, the Arno Breker Museum was inaugurated at Schloss Nörvenich to house his work.

GrabBreker1
GrabBreker1

His legacy remains a subject of intense debate. While some admirers argue he only accepted patronage without supporting the ideology, others protested his exhibitions. This controversy occurred during exhibitions in Paris and Berlin in 1981. His final major project was a monumental sculpture of Alexander the Great intended for Greece. He died in 1991, leaving behind a complicated historical record.

GrabBreker1
GrabBreker1
682 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Adolf Hitler in Paris 1940.jpg
Adolf Hitler in Paris 1940.jpg
File:Arno Breker, Albert Speer (1940).jpg
Arno Breker, Albert Speer (1940).jpg
File:GrabBreker1.jpg
GrabBreker1.jpg
File:Richard Wagners Büste.jpg
Richard Wagners Büste.jpg
File:Arno Breker Adolf Hitler(1938).jpg
Arno Breker Adolf Hitler(1938).jpg
File:Hannover Löwen-Bastion (Arno Breker 1938) 2001 by-RaBoe.jpg
Hannover Löwen-Bastion (Arno Breker 1938)...
File:ArnoBrekerPrometheus.jpg
ArnoBrekerPrometheus.jpg
File:ArnoBrekerDiePartei.jpg
ArnoBrekerDiePartei.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.