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Gyumri

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Gyumri is an urban municipal community in Armenia.

2014 Prowincja Szirak, Giumri, Urząd Miasta (08)
2014 Prowincja Szirak, Giumri, Urząd Miasta (08)

It is the second-largest city in the country. It also serves as the administrative center for the Shirak Province. Located in the northwestern part of Armenia, it is a vital regional hub. Today, Gyumri is famous as a cultural center. Many artists and craftsmen come from this city.

View over Gyumri rooftops to Mount Aragats
View over Gyumri rooftops to Mount Aragats

The city has experienced many different names throughout its history.

Beniamin 11
Beniamin 11

Originally, the area was known as Kumayri during the Kingdom of Urartu. In 1837, it was renamed Alexandropol. This name honored Princess Alexandra Fyodorovna, the wife of Czar Nicholas I.

During the Soviet period, the city was called Leninakan from 1924 to 1990. After the Soviet Union broke up, the name Kumayri was used briefly. Finally, the name Gyumri was officially chosen in 1992.

Archaeological evidence shows a very long history of human life here.

13-Urartu-9-6mta
13-Urartu-9-6mta

Excavations show people lived in this area since the third millennium BC. The name Kumayri appears in Urartian inscriptions from the 8th century BC.

Standard of the Artaxiad dynasty
Standard of the Artaxiad dynasty

The region was part of the Achaemenid Empire after the decline of Urartu. Later, it became part of the Satrapy of Armenia under the Orontids.

Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC
Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC

It was also part of the Ayrarat province in the Ancient Armenian Kingdom. Many different dynasties, such as the Artaxiads and the Kamsarakans, ruled the area.

During the Middle Ages, the settlement saw many shifts in power.

Map of the Caucasus, 740 CE
Map of the Caucasus, 740 CE

It was part of the Sasanian Empire of Persia after the fall of the Arsacid Kingdom. Later, it became part of the Umayyad Caliphate during the Arab Islamic invasions. Kumayri was a center for Armenian rebellions between 733 and 755.

Marmashen...1
Marmashen...1

The city grew again under the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia. However, foreign invaders like the Seljuks and Mongols also controlled the region. The Zakarid Principality later brought a period of trade and stability to the area.

Russian rule brought significant changes to the city's structure and size.

Gyumri fort
Gyumri fort

Following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, the area officially became part of the Russian Empire. A major Russian fortress, the Sev Berd, was built in the 1830s.

Severski avanpost church in Gyumri
Severski avanpost church in Gyumri

The city became a major center for Russian troops during the Russo-Turkish wars. In 1837, the city was formally organized as a town. By the end of the 19th century, Alexandropol was the largest city in Eastern Armenia. It featured 430 shopping stores and many industrial workshops.

Surb Nshan1
Surb Nshan1

Modern history has been marked by both industrial growth and sudden disaster.

Alexandropol 1901
Alexandropol 1901

During the Soviet era, the city was a major textile and industrial center. Its population grew rapidly to over 200,000 people. However, the 1988 Spitak earthquake devastated the city.

This disaster caused a massive drop in the number of residents. The 2011 census recorded 121,976 people. The 2022 census showed the population was 112,301. Reconstruction efforts have continued since the earthquake.

Despite these challenges, Gyumri maintains a unique cultural identity.

Surp Khach Gyumri, Armenia, June 2015
Surp Khach Gyumri, Armenia, June 2015

The Kumayri historic district is a very important landmark. Most of this district survived the 1988 earthquake. It contains authentic urban Armenian architecture dating mostly from the 19th century. This makes it one of the few surviving places of its kind in the world. The city continues to be a place where tradition and history meet modern life.

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🖼️ Images & Media (44)
File:Beniamin 11.JPG
Beniamin 11.JPG
File:13-Urartu-9-6mta.gif
13-Urartu-9-6mta.gif
File:Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC.gif
Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC.gif
File:Standard of the Artaxiad dynasty.svg
Standard of the Artaxiad dynasty.svg
File:Map of the Caucasus, 740 CE.svg
Map of the Caucasus, 740 CE.svg
File:Bagratuni flag.svg
Bagratuni flag.svg
File:Flag of the Kingdom of Georgia.svg
Flag of the Kingdom of Georgia.svg
File:Safavid Flag.svg
Safavid Flag.svg
File:Flag of Russia.svg
Flag of Russia.svg
File:Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg
Flag of Armenia (1918–1922).svg
File:Flag of Turkey.svg
Flag of Turkey.svg
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg

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