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Ashgabat

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan.

Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Astronaut Imagery
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Astronaut Imagery

It is located in Central Asia on an oasis plain. The city sits between the Karakum Desert to the north and the Köpetdag mountain range to the south. This location is approximately 50 km from the border with Iran. The city is home to a population of 1,030,063 people according to the 2022 census. Most residents are ethnic Turkmen, though the population is multiethnic.

Ashgabat-Garashsyzlyk Av,
Ashgabat-Garashsyzlyk Av,

The geography of the region is shaped by ancient natural processes. The soil in Ashgabat is primarily sediment. This sediment accumulated on the bottom of the ancient Paratethys Ocean. To the south, the Köpetdag mountains emerged toward the end of the Cretaceous Period. The city occupies a seismically active plain. This means the area is prone to earthquakes. The highest point in the city is a high sandhill. The Ýyldyz Hotel was built upon this sandhill.

Yyldyz Hotel
Yyldyz Hotel

Water is a vital resource for the city's survival in an arid environment. The Karakum Canal runs directly through Ashgabat. This canal carries water from the Amu Darya river. The water flows from the east toward the west. This system provides necessary irrigation and water for the residents. The climate is classified as cold arid. It features very hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. In July, the average high temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. The highest temperature ever recorded there was 48 degrees Celsius in June 2015.

The history of the area stretches back thousands of years. Ashgabat grew on the ruins of the Silk Road city of Konjikala. Konjikala was a wine-producing village in the 1st or 2nd century BC. It was leveled by an earthquake in the 1st century BC. Later, the city was destroyed by Mongols in the 13th century. The modern city was founded in 1881 near an Ahal Teke tribal village. In 1924, it became the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. During this time, it was known by the name Poltoratsk.

Aşgabat 1901
Aşgabat 1901

A major turning point in the city's history was the 1948 earthquake. This disaster caused massive destruction to the urban landscape. Most buildings at that time were made of adobe or fired brick. Nearly all one-story residential buildings made of mud brick were destroyed. Additionally, 95 percent of all one-story fired brick buildings collapsed. Only a few structures survived, such as the Kärz Bank and the Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.

Soviet Union stamp 1950 № 1493
Soviet Union stamp 1950 № 1493

Following this, a new general plan was developed in 1949 to rebuild the city.

Reconstruction changed the appearance of the city through different architectural eras. From the 1950s to 1991, the skyline was dominated by the Brutalist Style. This style was favored by post-Stalin Soviet architects. In the 1960s, a new master plan encouraged development to the south and west. This led to the construction of the first four-story apartment buildings. Architect Abdulla Ahmedov later introduced Soviet modernism to the city. His work included the Ashgabat Hotel, now called the Paytagt Hotel.

Apartment blocks Ashgabat
Apartment blocks Ashgabat

Today, Ashgabat is known for its unique and monumental urban layout. Much of the city has been rebuilt under the "White City" urban renewal project. This project used costly white marble to sheath many monumental structures. The city has also expanded significantly over the years. In 2013, Ashgabat annexed the city of Abadan and several other villages. In 2018, it annexed more land to the north. This expansion established the current four boroughs of the city.

2018 01 06 ashgabat etrapy separation 24784
2018 01 06 ashgabat etrapy separation 24784

The city remains a central hub for Turkmenistan.

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🖼️ Images & Media (31)
File:Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Astronaut Imagery.JPG
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Astronaut Imagery.JPG
File:Soviet Union stamp 1950 № 1493.jpg
Soviet Union stamp 1950 № 1493.jpg
File:Aşgabat 1901.jpg
Aşgabat 1901.jpg
File:Warehouse of Zhiguli Brewery in Ashhabad.jpg
Warehouse of Zhiguli Brewery in Ashhabad.jpg
File:THE SERVICE OF THE 9TH BATTALION, ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT IN THE PERSIAN CAMPAIGN, 1918 (4).jpg
THE SERVICE OF THE 9TH BATTALION, ROYAL...
File:Apartment blocks Ashgabat.jpg
Apartment blocks Ashgabat.jpg
File:10 Ýyl Abadanchylyk Avenue2.jpg
10 Ýyl Abadanchylyk Avenue2.jpg
File:Ashgabat Olympic Complex.jpg
Ashgabat Olympic Complex.jpg
File:Ashgabat-Garashsyzlyk Av,.jpg
Ashgabat-Garashsyzlyk Av,.jpg
File:2018_01_06_ashgabat_etrapy_separation_24784.jpg
2018_01_06_ashgabat_etrapy_separation_24784.jpg
File:Yyldyz Hotel.jpg
Yyldyz Hotel.jpg
File:Ashgabat IMG 5819 (26111153395).jpg
Ashgabat IMG 5819 (26111153395).jpg

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