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Greenlandic language

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Greenlandic is a beautiful and important language spoken in Greenland.

Parkverbot Grönland
Parkverbot Grönland

It belongs to the Eskaleut language family. This makes it a close relative to Inuktitut in Canada. The main variety is called Kalaallisut, or West Greenlandic. There is also an East Greenlandic variety called Tunumiisut. Another group, the Inughuit, speaks a dialect called Inuktun.

Inuktitut dialect map
Inuktitut dialect map

For the people of Greenland, this language is a vital part of their identity. It is the sole official language of the territory. This status helps the culture stay strong and unique in the world.

One of the most amazing things about Greenlandic is how words are built. It is a polysynthetic language. This means speakers create very long words by stringing together roots and many suffixes.

ĸra in a dictionary (ubt)
ĸra in a dictionary (ubt)

Think of it like building a long chain of different parts. There is no set limit to how long a word can become. Most words use between three and five of these parts. The language has hundreds of different suffixes to help build these complex words. This way of speaking allows people to express many ideas in a single word.

The history of the language is very long. The Thule people brought these languages to Greenland around the year 1200. In the 1600s, people began to write down descriptions of the language. Later, in the 1700s, Danish missionaries arrived in Greenland. A missionary named Paul Egede wrote the first dictionary in 1750. He also wrote the first grammar book in 1760.

Ilimmarfik
Ilimmarfik

For a long time, the Danish language was very strong in Greenland. This put a lot of pressure on the local way of speaking.

Writing Greenlandic has changed quite a bit over time. In 1851, a man named Samuel Kleinschmidt made the first system for writing it. This system was very complicated for many years. In 1973, experts made a big change to the writing system. This new way of writing was much easier for people to learn. Because of this reform, literacy rates in Greenland became some of the highest in the world.

West Greenlandic vowel chart
West Greenlandic vowel chart

Today, people use the language for news, radio, and newspapers like Sermitsiaq.

Greenlandic is connected to many other parts of the world. It shares roots with languages spoken in Canada and Alaska. Even though it is a unique Indigenous language, it has learned from others too. Modern Greenlandic sometimes uses words borrowed from Danish or English. This helps people talk about new technologies and ideas.

Parkverbot Grönland
Parkverbot Grönland

Today, Greenlandic is used in schools and on the national radio. It is a living, growing language that connects the past to the future.

425 words

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Inuktitut dialect map.svg
Inuktitut dialect map.svg
File:West_Greenlandic_vowel_chart.svg
West_Greenlandic_vowel_chart.svg
File:Parkverbot Grönland.jpg
Parkverbot Grönland.jpg
File:Ilimmarfik.jpg
Ilimmarfik.jpg
File:ĸra in a dictionary (ubt).JPG
ĸra in a dictionary (ubt).JPG
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