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Great Lakes

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The Great Lakes are a huge group of freshwater lakes.

Overview of the Great Lakes from orbit
Overview of the Great Lakes from orbit

They sit in North America along the border of Canada and the United States. There are five main lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.

Great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie
Great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie

These lakes are so large they look like seas. They have rolling waves and distant horizons. Because of this, people often call them inland seas. They hold 21% of all the fresh water on Earth's surface.

Great Lakes bathymetry map
Great Lakes bathymetry map

Water moves through these lakes in a long chain. It starts at Lake Superior and flows to Huron and Michigan. From there, it moves south to Lake Erie. Finally, the water flows north into Lake Ontario.

Grlakes lawrence map
Grlakes lawrence map

The water then leaves through the Saint Lawrence River to reach the Atlantic Ocean. The lakes also connect to the Mississippi River through the Illinois Waterway. This allows water to flow from the lakes all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. Some parts of the lakes even freeze over during the winter.

These massive lakes began to form a very long time ago. About 14,000 years ago, huge sheets of ice covered the land.

Glacial lakes
Glacial lakes

As the ice melted and retreated, it left deep basins in the ground. These basins filled with meltwater to create the lakes we see today. Since then, the lakes have helped people travel and trade. They have also provided a home for many different kinds of living things. The region around them is known as the Great Lakes region.

There are many interesting facts about the size and shape of these lakes. The total surface area is about 94,250 square miles.

Great Lakes 1
Great Lakes 1

Lake Michigan is the only one located entirely within the United States. Other lakes sit on the border between the U.S. and Canada. There are also about 35,000 islands scattered throughout the water.

ISS067-E-14016 Lake Michigan–Huron
ISS067-E-14016 Lake Michigan–Huron

The largest is Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. It is the largest island in any inland body of water in the world.

Many large cities are built near the shores of these lakes.

2009-09-18 3060x2040 chicago skyline
2009-09-18 3060x2040 chicago skyline

On the American side, cities include Chicago, Detroit, and Cleveland. On the Canadian side, people live in cities like Toronto and Hamilton.

Skyline of Toronto viewed from Harbour
Skyline of Toronto viewed from Harbour

Large ships use the lakes to carry heavy goods. These ships can travel through the Saint Lawrence Seaway to reach the ocean. Even though the lakes are huge, they are part of a connected system that links the middle of North America to the rest of the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:Great Lakes.svg
Great Lakes.svg
File:1675ayer48Bernou.jpg
1675ayer48Bernou.jpg
File:ISS067-E-14016 Lake Michigan–Huron.jpg
ISS067-E-14016 Lake Michigan–Huron.jpg
File:Great Lakes, No Clouds (4968915002) Brighter.jpg
Great Lakes, No Clouds (4968915002) Brighter.jpg
File:Great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie.jpg
Great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron,...
File:Marina Fest.jpg
Marina Fest.jpg
File:2009-09-18 3060x2040 chicago skyline.jpg
2009-09-18 3060x2040 chicago skyline.jpg
File:Put-in-Bay Airport.jpg
Put-in-Bay Airport.jpg
File:Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway map 1959.png
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway map 1959.png
File:Skyline of Toronto viewed from Harbour.jpg
Skyline of Toronto viewed from Harbour.jpg
File:Diatoms through the microscope.jpg
Diatoms through the microscope.jpg
File:Great Lakes 1.PNG
Great Lakes 1.PNG

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