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Great Fish River

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The Great Fish River is a major river in South Africa. It flows through the Eastern Cape province.

Close to great fish river790
Close to great fish river790

The river is part of the Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area. Its name is actually a misnomer. A misnomer is a name that is technically incorrect. Long ago, the Dutch used the name Groot Visch Rivier for a nearby tributary. This tributary joins the Little Fish River to form the actual Fish River. To avoid confusion with a river in Namibia, people call this one the Great Fish River.

The river follows a complex path from its source to the sea. It begins east of Graaff-Reinet and passes through the town of Cradock. The Tarka River joins its left bank as it moves south. After this, the river makes a zig-zag turn toward Cookhouse. It then meanders down an escarpment, which is a steep slope, near Grahamstown. Finally, it makes a near-straight run to its estuary. The river mouth sits 8 km northeast of Seafield. It eventually empties into the Indian Ocean.

Water levels in the river change based on the season and human engineering. The river is generally permanent and holds water all year. However, the headwaters rise in an arid region. An arid region is a very dry area. This can make the natural flow sluggish during the dry season. To help, engineers use a major water project. They use a tunnel to bring water from the Orange River system. This intake is located at Oviston, which is on the shores of the Gariep Dam. This project helps provide water for industry and agriculture.

This water project has changed the local ecology. Ecology is the study of how living things interact with their environment. Mixing water from two different watersheds has had a major impact. Much of the Fish River ecosystem is now taken over by flora and fauna from the Orange River. Flora refers to plants, and fauna refers to animals. At the river mouth, you can find diverse plants. These include valley thicket, dune thicket, and fynbos. Some trees, like the red and white milkwood, are protected species.

The river basin is also home to many animals. The Kat River, part of the basin, holds a small population of the endangered Eastern Province rocky. Near the river mouth, you might see five species of antelope. Many mammals live here, including bushpigs, hyrax, and the shy Southern African wildcat. Vervet monkeys are very common and often look for food near people. There are also over 135 species of birds. You might spot a giant kingfisher or a fish eagle. Additionally, there are 26 species of snakes, though only five are venomous.

The Great Fish River has a long and contested history. In the late 1480s, João Infante visited the river. During the 19th century, the river served as the border for the Cape Colony. It was a site of conflict during the Xhosa Wars between 1779 and 1878. During the War of the Axe (1846–1847), the river mouth became very busy. Waterloo Bay served as a landing place for soldiers and supplies.

Seven Years in South Africa, page 460, narrow escape near Cradock
Seven Years in South Africa, page 460, narrow escape near Cradock

Historical sites like the Maitland Military Camp and Broxholm Cottage still hold stories of this era. Some remains are even buried under modern golf courses.

Today, the river supports many recreational and economic activities. The Fish River Canoe Marathon is a popular two-day event. People also enjoy diving near the river mouth. Divers can explore shipwrecks like the SS Cariboo and the Waterloo. These ships were wrecked in the 1840s. Near the coast, the Great Fish Point lighthouse helps guide ships. It was built in 1898 because previous lights were inadequate. The lighthouse sits above sea level near Port Alfred. The area remains a popular destination for tourism and nature lovers.

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Close to great fish river790.JPG
File:Seven Years in South Africa, page 460, narrow escape near Cradock.jpg
Seven Years in South Africa, page 460,...
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