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Goat meat

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Goat meat is the meat obtained from the domestic goat, known scientifically as Capra hircus. It is a significant food source that serves as both a daily staple and a special delicacy across the globe. The terminology used for this meat often depends on the age of the animal or the local culture. Meat from older animals is generally called goat meat, while meat from young goats is referred to as kid meat. In South Asian cuisine, the term mutton is frequently used to describe goat meat, alongside sheep meat.

Goat meat
Goat meat

There is a specific culinary name for goat meat called chevon. This term was created in 1922 by a trade association as a blend of French words. Although the United States Department of Agriculture adopted the name in 1928, the term never became popular. Most people in the United States do not use the word chevon in everyday conversation. Instead, they simply use the word goat. This shows how specialized technical names sometimes fail to catch on in common language.

Cooking goat meat requires different methods depending on the specific cut being used. Ribs, loins, and tenderloins are suitable for quick cooking methods. However, other parts of the animal are better suited for long braising. Braising is a slow cooking method using low heat and liquid. Because goat is a lean red meat, it contains less fat and cholesterol than beef or lamb. It also contains less energy than those meats. Using low heat helps preserve the tenderness and moisture of the meat during the cooking process.

Different cultures have developed unique ways to prepare goat meat. In Mexico, cabrito refers to baby goat, which is often slow roasted. Popular dishes include Birria, a spicy stew, and cabrito entomatado, which is boiled in a tomato and spice sauce. In Nepal, many different dishes utilize every edible part of the animal. For example, Bhutun is made from the intestines and stomach, while rakhti is made from blood. They also make khutti, which is a soup made from the feet, and sukuti, which is a type of jerky.

Wet-roasted Kid Goat - Tea Rooms of Yarck
Wet-roasted Kid Goat - Tea Rooms of Yarck

Goat meat plays a vital role in many religious and cultural ceremonies. In Kenya, households are more likely to slaughter a goat than a cow or a chicken. The Chaga people of Tanzania follow a centuries-old tradition of roasting a whole ceremonial goat called a ndafu. This tradition is so significant that the goat often replaces a wedding cake. In Nepal, goats are sacrificed during Dashain, which is the largest annual celebration in the country. In Europe, roast goat is a common way to celebrate Easter or Christmas in various regions.

Australia is a major player in the global goat meat industry. The history of goats in the country began in 1788 with the First Fleet. While the domestic market in Australia is small, the country is the world's largest exporter. Australia provides 35% of all goat meat exports globally. This accounts for 44% of the total global export value. Most of these exports consist of frozen whole carcasses. In 2024, Australia recorded its highest tonnage of goat meat production ever.

Goat meat
Goat meat

Production in Australia often involves feral rangeland goats. These are wild goats that are captured and gathered through special goat depots. In western New South Wales, the feral goat population was estimated at 4.9 million in 2020. Some producers use managed programs to breed meatier animals for better consistency. In the United States, the number of goats slaughtered has risen significantly. For three decades, the number of goats slaughtered in the U.S. doubled every 10 years. This reached a level of nearly one million animals every year.

From a nutritional standpoint, goat meat is a source of many essential nutrients. It provides protein, iron, zinc, and several B vitamins, including B1, B2, B6, and B12. For every 100 grams of meat, there is 27.1 grams of protein and 5.27 milligrams of zinc. However, health organizations provide guidance on consuming red meat. The International Agency for Research on Cancer notes that unprocessed red meat may cause certain cancers. Because of this, the World Cancer Research Fund suggests limiting red meat to no more than three servings per week.

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File:Wet-roasted Kid Goat - Tea Rooms of Yarck.jpg
Wet-roasted Kid Goat - Tea Rooms of Yarck.jpg
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