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Gay men

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Gay men are male individuals who are exclusively attracted to other men.

Double Mars symbol (bold)
Double Mars symbol (bold)

In modern language, the term "gay" is recommended by many LGBTQ groups and style guides. While "lesbian" refers specifically to female homosexuals, "gay" can describe any person attracted to the same sex. Historically, different names were used for these men, such as "uranians" or "inverts." Today, the concept of sexual orientation remains a significant part of human identity and social study.

Understanding the history of male homosexuality requires looking at how different cultures defined it. Some scholars argue that modern terms like "homosexual" do not perfectly fit ancient times. For example, ancient Greeks and Romans did not have a single word that covered the same meaning as the modern concept. Instead, they had diverse sexual practices that changed based on time and place. Other researchers believe there are strong similarities between the experiences of men in antiquity and men today.

In ancient Egypt, history provides a very early example of male intimacy. Around 2400 BCE, a couple named Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum lived in Egypt.

Mastaba of Niankhkhum and Khnumhotep embrace
Mastaba of Niankhkhum and Khnumhotep embrace

Egyptian art depicts them in a nose-kissing position, which was the most intimate pose in their art. This pair was even shown surrounded by what appeared to be their heirs. Later, in the 6th or 7th century, the Coptic language provided a unique example of a love spell written between men.

In East Asia, same-sex relations between men have been recorded since the earliest histories. In China, these connections were sometimes called "the passions of the cut peach."

During the Ming dynasty, literature such as "Bian Er Chai" portrayed these relationships as more harmonious than heterosexual ones. While Confucianism focused mostly on social and political philosophy rather than sexuality, the Liu Song dynasty in the 3rd century claimed homosexuality was as common as heterosexuality. However, opposition grew during the Tang dynasty due to the influence of Islamic and Christian values.

In the Americas, many pre-Columbian civilizations showed evidence of homoerotic practices. These included the Aztecs, Mayas, Incas, and the Tupinambá of Brazil.

Larco Museum Erotic Art V
Larco Museum Erotic Art V

In Aztec mythology, the deity Xochipilli served as a symbol for gay men and male prostitutes. This changed when Spanish conquistadors arrived. They used the presence of these practices to label native people as "savages" to justify conquest. During the Mexican Inquisition, many men were arrested. On November 6, 1658, fourteen men from various backgrounds were sentenced to death by public burning.

Religious and legal shifts in Europe and the Middle East also shaped these histories. In ancient Sumer, priests known as "gala" worked in temples for the goddess Inanna. These men often took female names and spoke in a female dialect. In the Roman Empire, laws eventually became very strict. The Emperor Theodosius I decreed a law in 390 CE to punish certain men. By 558 CE, Emperor Justinian expanded these laws to include the active partner as well. Throughout much of Christian history, many theologians viewed such behavior as a transgression against divine law.

Today, the experience of gay men varies greatly depending on where they live. In many Western nations, gay men have achieved great prominence. Examples include Apple CEO Tim Cook and the President of Latvia, Edgars Rinkēvičs.

TwoMenKiss.GayPrideParade.WDC.10June2017
TwoMenKiss.GayPrideParade.WDC.10June2017

Many people celebrate their identity through Pride events, such as the large parades seen in Washington, D.C.

2019.06.08 Capital Pride Parade, Washington, DC USA 1590096 (crop)
2019.06.08 Capital Pride Parade, Washington, DC USA 1590096 (crop)

However, significant discrimination remains in large parts of Africa and Asia. In some jurisdictions, such as Mauritania and parts of Nigeria, the law remains very severe.

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🖼️ Images & Media (31)
File:Capital Pride 2015 Washington DC USA 56935 (18807500951).jpg
Capital Pride 2015 Washington DC USA...
File:Double Mars symbol (bold).svg
Double Mars symbol (bold).svg
File:Mastaba of Niankhkhum and Khnumhotep embrace.jpg
Mastaba of Niankhkhum and Khnumhotep embrace.jpg
File:Larco Museum Erotic Art V.jpg
Larco Museum Erotic Art V.jpg
File:A youth about to penetrate a compliant boy, on an elegant terrace by moonlight V0047308.jpg
A youth about to penetrate a compliant...
File:Jean Broc - The Death of Hyacinthos.jpg
Jean Broc - The Death of Hyacinthos.jpg
File:Claude Marie Dubufe-Apollon et Cyparisse.jpg
Claude Marie Dubufe-Apollon et Cyparisse.jpg
File:An ottoman miniature from the book Sawaqub al-Manaquib depicting Homosexuality.jpg
An ottoman miniature from the book...
File:Pink Triangle Sydney,.jpg
Pink Triangle Sydney,.jpg
File:Act Up.jpg
Act Up.jpg
File:ACT UP Demonstration in front of Building 1 (14356036431).jpg
ACT UP Demonstration in front of Building...
File:KamauWainaina2008.jpg
KamauWainaina2008.jpg

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