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Frown

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A frown is a look on your face that shows how you feel.

Mark Pearson Frown
Mark Pearson Frown

It usually means someone feels unhappy, worried, or mad. Sometimes, a frown can also show that a person is confused or concentrating hard. Most people recognize a frown as a sign of a negative feeling. This recognition happens in almost every culture around the world. Because people everywhere understand it, frowning helps us communicate our feelings to others.

Illustration The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin
Illustration The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin

There are a few different ways a frown works. In many cases, the eyebrows move close together. This movement makes the forehead look wrinkled. Charles Darwin described how this action pulls the upper lip up. It also makes the corners of the mouth turn down.

Lateral head anatomy
Lateral head anatomy

In North America, people sometimes use the word frown for the mouth alone. On computers, we use icons called emoticons to show this. These small faces use a simple downward curve to show a frown.

Albrecht Dürer - Bildnis eines unbekannten Mannes
Albrecht Dürer - Bildnis eines unbekannten Mannes

Scientists have studied these facial movements for a long time. Charles Darwin wrote about these expressions in his 1872 book. His book was titled The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. He used photographs of children to show how they frown and cry.

Illustration The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin
Illustration The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin

Later, Scott Fahlman suggested a way to make frowns on the internet. He used a colon and a parenthesis to make an icon. This icon shows a mouth curving away from the eyes.

Frowning can even change how a person thinks or acts. One study showed that holding a frown can make things seem less funny. People who frowned also thought images looked more unpleasant.

Mark Pearson Frown
Mark Pearson Frown

Frowning can also change how we see others in social groups. For example, students rated a frowning professor poorly in a video test. In social settings, people with high status often frown more than others. Men also tend to frown more often than women do.

Many people wonder how many muscles it takes to frown. It is hard to say because every face is different. Some people think frowning is harder than smiling. A minimal frown might only use six muscles to move the mouth. However, Dr. David H. Song from the University of Chicago Medical Center says otherwise. He says a frown uses 11 muscles while a smile uses 12.

Lateral head anatomy
Lateral head anatomy

This shows that our faces are very complex tools for showing feelings.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Albrecht_Dürer_-_Bildnis_eines_unbekannten_Mannes.jpg
Albrecht_Dürer_-_Bildnis_eines_unbekannten...
File:Illustration The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin.jpg
Illustration The Expression of Emotions...
File:Mark Pearson Frown.png
Mark Pearson Frown.png
File:Lateral head anatomy.jpg
Lateral head anatomy.jpg
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