Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🏛️

Forbidden City

history Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Forbidden City is a massive imperial palace complex located in the center of Beijing, China.

Vue prise en ballon du Palais Impérial à Pékin
Vue prise en ballon du Palais Impérial à Pékin

It served as the primary residence for 24 Ming and Qing dynasty emperors. For over 500 years, from 1420 to 1924, it functioned as the absolute center of political power in China. Today, the site is managed by the Palace Museum and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It stands as the largest preserved royal palace complex in the world.

Forbidden city map wp 1
Forbidden city map wp 1

The name "Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijincheng. The term "Zi" refers to the color purple and the North Star. In ancient Chinese astrology, the North Star was called the Ziwei Star. This star was believed to be the home of the Jade Emperor. Therefore, the palace was seen as the earthly counterpart to the heavenly realm. The word "Jin" signifies a prohibition or a taboo. This name reflects the extremely restricted access allowed to the complex. Only the Emperor, his imperial family, and eunuchs could enter. Unauthorized entry was a crime punishable by immediate execution.

Construction of this enormous complex began in 1406. This occurred after the Yongle Emperor moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.

北京宫城图轴
北京宫城图轴

The project required 14 years of intense labor. More than one million workers participated in the construction. Builders used precious Phoebe zhennan wood from southwestern Chinese jungles. They also utilized large marble blocks from quarries near Beijing. The floors of the major halls featured "golden bricks." These were special paving bricks that were baked in Suzhou.

Hall of Supreme Harmony (20241127120000)
Hall of Supreme Harmony (20241127120000)

The layout of the Forbidden City is a large rectangle. It is enclosed by a high city wall and a wide, deep moat.

Forbiden city-Beijing-China - panoramio (18)
Forbiden city-Beijing-China - panoramio (18)

The walls have a core made of rammed earth. They are surfaced with three layers of specially baked bricks. At the four corners, intricate corner towers sit upon the walls. These towers feature roofs with 72 ridges. The main entrance at the southern end is the Meridian Gate.

Meridian Gate (Forbidden City) 2015 December
Meridian Gate (Forbidden City) 2015 December

All gates are decorated with arrays of golden door nails. Most gates feature a nine-by-nine pattern of these nails.

History shows that the palace has survived many shifts in power. It was the seat of the Ming dynasty from 1420 to 1644. In April 1644, rebel forces led by Li Zicheng captured the complex. He was soon replaced by Manchu forces. This led to the start of the Qing dynasty in October 1644. The Qing rulers introduced shamanist elements to the palace. They also made building nameplates bilingual in Chinese and Manchu. Later, Anglo-French forces occupied the site during the Second Opium War in 1860. The palace finally ceased being the political center in 1912. This happened when Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated his throne.

The complex contains a surprising number of structures. While oral tradition claims there are 9,999 rooms, experts have found a different number. Recent surveys show there are actually 8,886 rooms.

Forbidden city map wp 1
Forbidden city map wp 1

The site covers 178 acres of land. It consists of 980 surviving buildings. The palace is also a major economic landmark. In 2018, its market value was estimated at US$70 billion. This makes it the most valuable piece of real estate in the world.

Forbidden City (25737200388)
Forbidden City (25737200388)

Today, the Forbidden City is a major global destination. Since 2012, it has averaged 14 million visitors every year. In 2019, the number of visitors exceeded 19 million.

故宫御花园 - panoramio
故宫御花园 - panoramio

The Palace Museum preserves a vast collection of imperial artwork. This collection was built from the original Ming and Qing treasures. The site remains a vital cultural link for the Chinese people. It connects the modern nation to its imperial ancestors. The central north-south axis of the palace still defines the layout of Beijing today.

615 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (26)
File:北京宫城图轴.jpg
北京宫城图轴.jpg
File:Die Gartenlaube (1853) b 445.jpg
Die Gartenlaube (1853) b 445.jpg
File:Vue prise en ballon du Palais Impérial à Pékin.jpg
Vue prise en ballon du Palais Impérial à Pékin.jpg
File:Forbidden city map wp 1.png
Forbidden city map wp 1.png
File:Cité interdite Porte du midi vue de la Cour intérieure.jpg
Cité interdite Porte du midi vue de la...
File:Meridian Gate (Forbidden City) 2015 December.jpg
Meridian Gate (Forbidden City) 2015 December.jpg
File:Forbiden city-Beijing-China - panoramio (18).jpg
Forbiden city-Beijing-China - panoramio (18).jpg
File:Forbidden City (25737200388).jpg
Forbidden City (25737200388).jpg
File:北京故宫2.JPG
北京故宫2.JPG
File:Hall of Supreme Harmony (20241127120000).jpg
Hall of Supreme Harmony (20241127120000).jpg
File:Sign of the Hall of Supreme Harmony.JPG
Sign of the Hall of Supreme Harmony.JPG
File:Un hombre mira la Ciudad Prohibida de Beijing, desde el parque JingShan. Una espesa capa de bruma y contaminación cubre la capital de manera permanente. (15733953712).jpg
Un hombre mira la Ciudad Prohibida de...

+ 14 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.