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Potala Palace

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The Potala Palace is a massive museum complex located in Lhasa. Lhasa is the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China.

Potala - panoramio - Matthew Summerton cropped
Potala - panoramio - Matthew Summerton cropped

This landmark sits atop Marpo Ri, also known as Red Mountain. It was once the winter residence for the Dalai Lamas. The name comes from Mount Potalaka. In Buddhist tradition, this is the mythical home of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. Today, the palace serves as a major cultural site for the world.

The construction of the modern Potala Palace began in 1645. The 5th Dalai Lama ordered the project to start. He received advice from Konchog Chophel, a spiritual adviser. Konchog Chophel was the Thirty-fifth Ganden Tripa of the Gelug school. The site was chosen because it sat perfectly between the Sera and Drepung monasteries. It was also near the old city of Lhasa. This location made it an ideal seat of government.

Building the palace was a massive, long-term task. The external structure was finished in only three years. However, the interior and its furnishings required 45 years to complete. Construction continued until 1694. This was twelve years after the death of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama. The complex is divided into two main sections. The White Palace, or Potrang Karpo, was where the Dalai Lamas moved in 1649. The Red Palace, or Potrang Marpo, was added later between 1690 and 1694.

The architecture of the palace is both beautiful and strong. The walls slope inward to provide stability. At the base, the stone walls are very thick. Builders even poured copper into the foundations for earthquake protection. The complex rises 13 stories high. It contains more than 1,000 rooms and 10,000 shrines. Inside, there are approximately 200,000 statues.

Potala Palace (23651397662)
Potala Palace (23651397662)

The colors of the building come from using limestone. This creates the red, white, and yellow tones seen today.

The palace has a very deep history connected to ancient times. It was built on the site of an earlier palace. That earlier structure is attributed to Songtsen Gampo. You can still see parts of that old palace in two chapels. These are the Phakpa Lhakhang and the Chogyel Drupuk. The latter is a recessed cavern. It is identified as the meditation cave used by Songtsen Gampo. This connects the modern building to the very roots of Tibetan history.

Recent history has brought many challenges to the structure. In 1959, the palace suffered moderate damage. Chinese shells were launched into the windows during a Tibetan uprising. During the Cultural Revolution in 1966, the palace was almost robbed empty. It once held over 100,000 volumes of scriptures and historical documents. It also housed many precious paintings, handicrafts, and ancient armour. Despite these events, the palace was saved through the intervention of Zhou Enlai.

Today, the Potala Palace is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage site. This status was granted in 1994. UNESCO has worked to protect the unique atmosphere around the palace. The Chinese government even banned buildings taller than 21 metres nearby. Large restoration projects have also taken place. One major project began in 2002 and cost RMB 180 million. Another restoration occurred between 1989 and 1994, costing RMB 55 million.

Potala Palace (23651397662)
Potala Palace (23651397662)

Managing visitors is now a major part of preserving the site. High numbers of tourists can cause damage. In the past, the palace sometimes saw 5,000 visitors in a single day. To prevent overcrowding, a daily quota was introduced. The limit was set at 1,600 people per day in 2003. This was later raised to 2,300 people per day. This change followed the opening of the Qingzang railway in 2006. Additionally, tours of the roof were banned after 2006 to avoid structural damage.

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File:Potala - panoramio - Matthew Summerton cropped.jpg
Potala - panoramio - Matthew Summerton cropped.jpg
File:Potala Palace (23651397662).jpg
Potala Palace (23651397662).jpg
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