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Foggia

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Foggia is a major city located in the Apulia region of Southern Italy. It serves as the capital of the province of Foggia. The city sits upon the Tavoliere, a vast and fertile plain. This region is famously nicknamed the "granary of Italy" because of its massive food production. In 2013, the city had a population of 153,143 residents.

Foggia-Stemma (Aulico)
Foggia-Stemma (Aulico)

Foggia acts as a vital center for industry, communication, and trade in the southern part of the country.

The local economy relies heavily on the agricultural sector. Foggia is a primary market for wheat in Southern Italy. The area is also well known for producing watermelons and tomatoes. While farming is the mainstay, some industry exists to process these foods. This connection to the land defines the identity of the Tavoliere plain. The city's importance is also tied to its role as a transport hub. It manages a massive amount of movement for goods and people.

Foggia is one of the most important railway junctions in Italy. It is the third most important junction in the entire country. The Foggia railway station opened in 1864 as part of the Adriatic Railway. This station connects the Naples–Foggia line with several other secondary lines. These include the Foggia–Manfredonia, Lucera–Foggia, and Foggia–Potenza railways. For air travel, the city uses the Gino Lisa Airport. This airport provides helicopter flights to the Tremiti Islands and Vieste.

The history of the area stretches back to Neolithic times. Nearby, a Daunian settlement called Arpi once existed. Arpi was the largest city in ancient Daunia. The name "Foggia" may come from the Latin word *fovea*, meaning "pit." This likely refers to pits used for storing wheat. Other theories suggest the name comes from the Greek word *fotia*, meaning "fire." Legend says 11th-century settlers found a painting of the Madonna with three flames.

Piazzacavourfoggia
Piazzacavourfoggia

The first official document mentioning the modern city is from the year 1100.

Throughout the Middle Ages, Foggia saw significant growth and change. In the late 11th century, Robert Guiscard helped drain local wetlands. This transformed the area from a marshy land into a productive zone. In 1223, Emperor Frederick II built a palace in the city. He called Foggia the "Regalis Sedes Inclita Imperialis." This title meant it was the preferred seat of the Empire. The city also hosted a *studium*, which is a center of higher learning. Notable scholars like Michael Scot studied there.

Natural disasters and political shifts have shaped the city's architecture. In 1456, a powerful earthquake struck the region. Another major earthquake occurred in 1731 and destroyed one third of the city. The Cathedral of Santa Maria de Fovea shows these layers of history. Its lower level is built in the Romanesque style. The upper part is Baroque, reconstructed after the 1731 earthquake.

Foggia, cattedrale da via Arpi
Foggia, cattedrale da via Arpi

Additionally, King Alfonso V of Aragon built a Custom Palace in 1447. This building was used to tax sheep farmers, which eventually changed the local economy.

World War II brought extreme hardship to the residents of Foggia. The city contained important airfields and marshalling yards. Because of this, Allied air forces bombed the city heavily. On July 22, 1943, over 100 B-17 Flying Fortresses attacked. Later, on August 19, 1943, 233 planes destroyed much of what remained. These attacks resulted in many thousands of deaths. The city was later occupied by German troops during Operation Achse. British troops eventually took control of the city in October 1943. Foggia received gold medals for Civil and Military value in 1959 and 2006.

Today, Foggia is a vibrant place with a strong sporting culture. The local football club is Calcio Foggia 1920. They play in Serie C, which is the third division in Italy. The club became very popular in the early 1990s under coach Zdeněk Zeman. They play their matches at the Stadio Pino Zaccheria.

Piazzacavourfoggia
Piazzacavourfoggia

The city also maintains international ties through several sister cities. These include Göppingen in Germany and Erzurum in Turkey. Foggia remains a key link between northern and southern Italy.

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File:Piazzacavourfoggia.JPG
Piazzacavourfoggia.JPG
File:Foggia-Stemma (Aulico).svg
Foggia-Stemma (Aulico).svg
File:Foggia, cattedrale da via Arpi.jpg
Foggia, cattedrale da via Arpi.jpg
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