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Fiji

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Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island nation located in Melanesia.

Melanesian Cultural Area
Melanesian Cultural Area

It sits within the Oceania region of the South Pacific Ocean.

Fiji and oceania
Fiji and oceania

The country is an archipelago containing more than 330 islands.

Fiji map
Fiji map

It also includes more than 500 smaller islets. About 110 of these islands are inhabited on a permanent basis. Most of the population lives on the two largest islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.

Fiji topo
Fiji topo

Approximately 87% of the total population resides on these two major islands.

The geological history of Fiji began with volcanic activity. This process started roughly 150 million years ago. Today, some islands still show signs of this heat through geothermal activity. Vanua Levu and Taveuni both host active geothermal systems. On Viti Levu, the geothermal systems are different. They are non-volcanic in origin. These systems produce low-temperature surface discharges. The terrain on Viti Levu is quite rugged. Because of this difficult landscape, the interior of the island is only sparsely inhabited. Most people prefer to live along the coasts of Viti Levu. This includes the capital city, Suva.

Suva, Fiji 01
Suva, Fiji 01

Other major urban centers include Nadi and Lautoka.

Human history in Fiji dates back to the second millennium BC. The first settlers were Austronesian peoples.

Melanesians arrived about a thousand years later. There were also Polynesian influences on the local culture. Archaeological evidence suggests the Lapita people may have been the first settlers. Some early migrants eventually moved to Samoa, Tonga, or Hawai'i. By the 10th century, the Tu'i Tonga Empire influenced the islands. This brought Polynesian customs and language into Fiji. Over many centuries, unique Fijian cultural practices emerged. These included building elegant watercraft called drua. They also built specific housing like communal bure and vale.

Le Tour du monde-01-p200
Le Tour du monde-01-p200

Traditional Fijian society was complex and highly organized. Societies were led by chiefs, elders, and notable warriors.

Fijian mountain warrior, Kai Colo
Fijian mountain warrior, Kai Colo

Spiritual leaders known as bete held important roles. The community used a unique monetary system. They used polished sperm whale teeth called tambua as currency. Fijians also developed a refined textile industry using masi cloth. This cloth was used for clothing and sails. Warfare was a significant part of life in pre-colonial times. Warriors used various weapons, such as two-handed clubs and small throwing clubs called ula.

FIJI CLUB DANCE
FIJI CLUB DANCE

Villages were often protected by advanced systems of ramparts and moats.

European contact began in the 17th century. The Dutch explorer Abel Tasman was the first European to sight the islands. He saw Vanua Levu in 1643. Later, the British navigator James Cook visited the Lau islands in 1774. In 1789, William Bligh sailed between the main islands. The strait between Viti Levu and Vanua Levu is named after him. Eventually, sandalwood merchants and whalers established contact.

Urville-Viti-Lebouka2
Urville-Viti-Lebouka2

By the 1820s, Levuka became the first European-style town. In 1874, the British established the Colony of Fiji. Fiji remained a Crown colony until it gained independence in 1970.

Flag of Fiji (1924–1970)
Flag of Fiji (1924–1970)

Political changes continued through the late 20th century. A series of coups occurred in 1987 and 2006. After years of delays, a democratic election was held in 2014. The FijiFirst party won 59.2% of the vote.

Fiji possesses one of the most developed economies in the Pacific. This strength comes from abundant forest, mineral, and fish resources. The national currency is the Fijian dollar. Tourism is a major source of foreign exchange.

Momi Bay, Fiji
Momi Bay, Fiji

Other important economic drivers include sugar cane and bottled water exports. Remittances from Fijians working abroad also support the economy. The country's local government is managed by city and town councils. The Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development provides supervision. This structured system helps manage the various island communities.

Fiji divisions named
Fiji divisions named

Fiji's identity is a blend of many different influences. The name "Fiji" comes from the main island, Viti Levu. However, the English pronunciation is based on Tongan sounds. The islands serve as a vital hub in the South Pacific. They connect various Melanesian and Polynesian traditions. Today, the nation balances its rich history with modern industry. From the tourism in Nadi to the sugar in Lautoka, Fiji is a diverse place.

Nadi airport - Arrivals 2
Nadi airport - Arrivals 2

It remains a significant part of the Oceania region.

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🖼️ Images & Media (34)
Fiji National Anthem.ogg
File:Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png
Chronological dispersal of Austronesian...
File:Fijian mountain warrior, Kai Colo.jpg
Fijian mountain warrior, Kai Colo.jpg
File:Le Tour du monde-01-p200.jpg
Le Tour du monde-01-p200.jpg
File:Urville-Viti-Lebouka2.jpg
Urville-Viti-Lebouka2.jpg
File:FIJI CLUB DANCE.png
FIJI CLUB DANCE.png
File:Ratu Tanoa Visawaqa.jpg
Ratu Tanoa Visawaqa.jpg
File:Cakobau, died February 1883, photograph by Francis H. Dufty.jpg
Cakobau, died February 1883, photograph...
File:Tui Namosi, Kai Colo.jpg
Tui Namosi, Kai Colo.jpg
File:Flag of the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Fiji.svg
Flag of the Confederacy of Independent...
File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Fiji_(1871-1874).svg
Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Fiji_(1871-1874).svg
File:Three kai colo, ca. 1873, carte de visite by Francis Herbert Dufty.jpg
Three kai colo, ca. 1873, carte de visite...

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