Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Essay

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

An essay is a piece of writing that shares an author's personal argument or perspective. The term is quite broad and often overlaps with other forms like letters, articles, or short stories. While most modern essays are written in prose, some famous works have been written in verse. For example, Alexander Pope wrote "An Essay on Criticism." The definition can be tricky because the genre is so flexible. Author Aldous Huxley described the essay as a literary device used for saying almost everything about almost anything. He also noted that, by tradition, an essay is typically a short piece of writing.

Essais Titelblatt (1588)
Essais Titelblatt (1588)

There are different ways to classify the style of an essay. Formal essays are characterized by a serious purpose, dignity, and logical organization. In contrast, informal essays often include a personal element, such as individual tastes or experiences. These may use a confidential manner, humor, or a rambling structure. Huxley suggested that essays exist within a three-poled frame of reference. The first pole is the personal and autobiographical, where writers use anecdotes to look at the world. The second pole is the objective and factual, where writers focus on scientific or political themes. The third pole is the abstract-universal, involving high abstractions without personal details.

Locke Essay 1690
Locke Essay 1690

Writing an essay involves specific methods depending on the goal. In a cause and effect essay, the writer connects a cause to an effect through a causal chain. This requires the writer to consider the subject, the audience, and a thesis statement. Another method is the compare and contrast essay. This style highlights similarities and differences between two or more objects. Writers can organize these by the object or by specific points of comparison. There is also the expository essay, which is used to inform or explain a topic. Expository writers often use third-person language and follow steps like brainstorming, researching, and writing a conclusion.

An Essay on the Principle of Population
An Essay on the Principle of Population

The history of the essay begins with the French writer Michel de Montaigne. The word itself comes from the French infinitive "essayer," which means "to try" or "to attempt." Montaigne was the first to describe his work as essays because they were attempts to put his thoughts into writing. He began composing these works in 1572. His first edition, titled "Essais," was published in two volumes in 1580. He continued to revise and add to his work for the rest of his life. His collection of over 100 examples is seen as the predecessor of the modern essay.

Essais Titelblatt (1588)
Essais Titelblatt (1588)

As the form spread, different cultures developed their own traditions. In England, Francis Bacon published the first works in English to describe themselves as essays in 1597. During the Age of Enlightenment, essayists used journals to reach the public. Joseph Addison and Samuel Steele were celebrated for their work in the journal "Tatler," founded in 1709. In Japan, a genre called zuihitsu existed for centuries before European influence. These were loose collections of fragmented ideas. Notable examples include "The Pillow Book," written around the year 1000 by Sei Shōnagon.

Locke Essay 1690
Locke Essay 1690

In China, the essay took a very different and strict form. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, students had to write "eight-legged essays" for imperial examinations. These were used to qualify individuals for government service. The style focused heavily on Confucian thought and the Four Books and Five Classics. Unlike the creative freedom of Montaigne, these writers had to conform to very specific standards. They were tested on their ability to write coherently and show basic logic. Some historians argue that this strict style contributed to cultural and economic stagnation in 19th-century China.

An Essay on the Principle of Population
An Essay on the Principle of Population

Today, the essay remains a vital tool in education and other media. In the United States and Canada, it is a major part of formal schooling. Secondary students learn structured formats to improve their writing skills. Universities often use admission essays to select new applicants. In the humanities and social sciences, essays are used to assess student performance during exams.

Czythumbur
Czythumbur

The concept has even expanded beyond the written word. A film essay uses documentary styles to explore the evolution of an idea. A photographic essay uses a series of linked images to cover a topic. These different forms show how the "attempt" to explore an idea continues to grow.

706 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Essais Titelblatt (1588).png
Essais Titelblatt (1588).png
File:Locke Essay 1690.jpg
Locke Essay 1690.jpg
File:An Essay on the Principle of Population.jpg
An Essay on the Principle of Population.jpg
File:Czythumbur.jpg
Czythumbur.jpg
File:Harper's February (1897).jpg
Harper's February (1897).jpg
Häxan (1922).webm
File:Huahine, French Polynesia, Image - Scott Williams.jpg
Huahine, French Polynesia, Image - Scott...
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.