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Monologue

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A monologue is a speech delivered by a single character. The term comes from the Greek words "monos," meaning alone or solitary, and "logos," meaning speech.

Christopher Walken - 1984
Christopher Walken - 1984

In many stories, a monologue allows a character to express their inner thoughts aloud. They might also use the speech to address another character directly. Sometimes, the speaker addresses the audience. Monologues appear in many different types of media. You can find them in plays and films. They are also used in poetry and stand-up comedy. This single voice serves as a powerful tool for storytelling.

It is important to distinguish monologues from other literary devices. A soliloquy is a specific type of speech where a character shares feelings with themselves and the audience. In a soliloquy, the character does not address any other characters in the story. An apostrophe occurs when a speaker addresses an imaginary person, an idea, or an inanimate object. Asides are another related device, but they are much shorter in length. During an aside, a character speaks in a way that other characters cannot hear. This happens even when it would logically make sense for them to listen. These distinctions help writers control how much information the audience receives.

There are several specific types of monologues used in performance. An interior monologue involves a character externalizing their private thoughts. This allows the audience to witness experiences that would normally stay hidden inside the mind. In contrast, a dramatic monologue occurs when one character speaks directly to another character.

Writers also categorize monologues by their purpose. An active monologue is used when a character tries to achieve a specific goal through speech. A narrative monologue is used when a character tells a story. You can often identify a narrative monologue because the speaker uses the past tense.

The history of the monologue reveals its deep roots in Western drama. In ancient Greek theatre, the origin of drama, rules for actors changed over time. Before the conventional three-actor rule, there was a two-actor rule. Even earlier, a single actor might appear on stage alongside a chorus. This suggests that the monologue actually preceded dialogue in dramatic history. Rather than dialogue evolving into the monologue, the monologue evolved into dialogue. This makes the single voice a foundational element of performance.

Ancient Roman theatre utilized monologues even more extensively than Greek or modern theatre. Romans used specific monologues to manage the timing of a play. A "linking monologue" was used to indicate that a significant amount of time had passed. This prevented the play from becoming tedious by skipping over long periods of real time. There were also entrance monologues and exit monologues used for this same purpose. These speeches helped the audience understand the movement of time within the scene.

As theatre evolved through the Renaissance, the focus of the monologue shifted. Characters began using extended speeches to pursue what is called their dramatic need. This means the speech is driven by the character's goals within the plot. Postmodern theatre has taken a different approach to the device. It often embraces the performative aspects of the monologue. These modern performances sometimes challenge the boundary between acting a character and giving an autobiographical speech. This can make the performance feel like a mix of fiction and real life.

Monologues also play a vital role in the professional lives of actors. When auditioning for a role in theatre, film, or television, actors are often asked to perform a monologue. These pieces demonstrate an actor's ability to prepare and deliver a professional performance. Audition monologues are usually quite short, often lasting two minutes or less. To show their range, actors may pair two contrasting pieces together. They might perform one comic monologue and one dramatic monologue. They might also choose between classical and contemporary styles. The specific choice of monologues usually depends on the requirements of the role being cast.

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